A Model of School Learning
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Carroll's model holds that one important determinant of learning is the amount of time spent on-task and engaged in learning.
“Carroll’s (1963) model holds that one important determinant of learning is the amount of time spent on-task and engaged in learning (Brodhagen & Gettinger, 2012; Gettinger & Seibert, 2002).”
From The effect of stimulant medication on the learning of academic curricula in children with ADHD: A randomized crossover study. (2022) · cites this paper as Carroll’s (1963)
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ericsson, K. A. (2015) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000000939 · Cited by 542 · see citing works
The Relationship Between Homework and Achievement—Still Much of a Mystery
Trautwein, U., & Köller, O. (2003) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1023/a:1023460414243 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Academic Engaged Time, Content Covered, and Direct Instruction
Rosenshine, B. V. (1978) · Journal of Education · doi:10.1177/002205747816000304 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Zheng, X., Wang, C., Shen, Z., & Fang, X. (2020) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.104934 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Data-based decision making for instructional improvement in primary education
Gelderblom, G., Schildkamp, K., Pieters, J., & Ehren, M. (2016) · International Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1016/j.ijer.2016.07.004 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
A Statewide Evaluation of Academic Achievement in Year-Round Schools
McMillen, B. J. (2001) · The Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1080/00220670109596574 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Pilot of an adaptive learning platform in a graduate nursing education pathophysiology course
Hinkle, J. F., Jones, C. A., & Saccomano, S. (2020) · Journal of Nursing Education · doi:10.3928/01484834-20200520-05 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Pelham, W. E., Altszuler, A. R., Merrill, B. M., Raiker, J. S., Macphee, F. L., Ramos, M., Gnagy, E. M., Greiner, A. R., Coles, E. K., Connor, C. M., et al. (2022) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000725 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
- Authors
- Carroll, J. B.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Carroll, John B.
- Venue
- Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1963-05
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1-9
- ISSN
- 0040-0475 (ISSN-L)
- 0161-4681
- 1467-9620
- OpenAlex
- W4210343561
- Cited by
- 1,408
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 82 · 2025: 71 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 76 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 68 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 0.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Teachers College Record The Voice of Scholarship in Education (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Educational methodologies and cognitive development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Social Sciences › Education › Education Pedagogy and Practices
- Keywords
- school learning, learning models, educational theory, student learning
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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