Measurement of Affective States in Adults: Evaluation of an Adjective Rating Scale Instrument
Abstract
A cross-sectional sample of adults, ages 20-79, were administered a adjective rating scale instrument measuring multiple affective states, including items from the Profile of Mood States (POMS) instrument. Confirmatory item factor analysis supported, for the most part, a priori assignments of items to scales based upon prior research, but revealed a few small, additional item factors that were cross-validated in a second sample. Items measuring different aspects of psychological distress, including anxiety and depressive affect, showed appreciable skew and kurtosis, with a substantial proportion of respondents indicating no perceived distress. Items measuring psychological well-being tended to show more normal response distributions. Tests of age-related invariance in item factor structure indicated that the unstandardized factor pattern weights (loadings) were not fully equivalent across two age groups, but showed that the same configuration of items loading on factors was supported. The scales perform well enough to justify continued use in older populations, but further research on the contributions of item distributions to age differences in factor loadings is needed.
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The psychological distress instruments have been extensively validated and showed excellent psychometrics in our sample, with Cronbach's alpha's > .76.
“These instruments have been extensively validated and showed excellent psychometrics in our sample, with Cronbach’s alpha‘s > .76.”
From A Functional Genomic Fingerprint of Chronic Stress in Humans: Blunted Glucocorticoid and Increased NF-κB Signaling (2008) · cites this paper as [27]
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“Positive and negative affective states were measured with a reduced (18-item) version of the Profile of Mood States (30) as determined by a factor analysis of the adjectives.”
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“Positive and negative affect were assessed in greater detail at the end of each day for 3 days both pre- and post-intervention using a previously validated scale (Cohen et al., 2003; Usala & Hertzog, 1989).”
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- Authors
- Usala, P. D., & Hertzog, C.
- Affiliations
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- ORCID
- Hertzog, Christopher
- Venue
- Research on Aging
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1989-12
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 403-426
- ISSN
- 0164-0275 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-7573
- OpenAlex
- W2167776137
- Cited by
- 146
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2025: 8 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 1.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Research on Aging (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- affective states, Profile of Mood States, psychological distress, anxiety, depressive affect, psychological well-being, factor structure, older adults, measurement invariance
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychological Tests, Psychometrics
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