Light Treatment for Neuropsychiatric Behaviors in Alzheimer's Disease
Open accessAbstract
Neuropsychiatric behaviors are common in people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and make both professional and lay caregiving difficult. Light therapy has been somewhat successful in ameliorating disruptive behaviors. This randomized trial tested the effects of morning or afternoon bright light exposure compared with usual indoor light on the presence, frequency, severity, and occupational disruptiveness of neuropsychiatric behaviors in nursing home residents with AD. Light was administered for 1 hr daily (Monday-Friday) for 10 weeks. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory—Nursing Home was used to assess behavior at baseline and end of the intervention. Analyses revealed statistically significant differences between groups on agitation/aggression, depression/dysphoria, aberrant motor behavior, and appetite/eating disorders. The magnitude of change was small and may not represent clinically significant findings. Agitation/aggression and nighttime behaviors commonly occurred and were highly correlated with occupational disruptiveness. Interventions that decrease the presence and/or severity of neuropsychiatric behaviors have the potential to significantly decrease caregiver burden.
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Training paid caregivers in person-centred care, communication skills training or dementia care mapping was investigated in five RCTs, and all interventions included supervision during training and implementation.
“Training paid caregivers in these techniques was investigated in five RCTs. 35-39 All interventions included supervision during training and implementation.”
From Non-pharmacological interventions for agitation in dementia: systematic review of randomised controlled trials (2014) · cites this paper as [37]
The Abstract (page unavailable) identifies this randomized trial as a comparison of bright-light exposure with usual indoor light for nursing-home residents with Alzheimer’s disease. The Method (page unavailable) describes light-exposure sessions, not training paid caregivers in person-centred care, communication skills, or dementia care mapping. It does not describe supervision of caregiver training or implementation. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredTwo studies of improving communication skills or person-centred care for participants with symptomatic agitation found significant improvements compared with the control group during the intervention, and up to 6 months afterwards.
“Two studies of improving communication skills or person-centred care for participants with symptomatic agitation found significant improvements compared with the control group during the intervention, 37,38 and up to 6 months afterwards. 37”
From Non-pharmacological interventions for agitation in dementia: systematic review of randomised controlled trials (2014) · cites this paper as [37]
The Results report a bright-light trial, not studies of communication skills or person-centred care. They also report that agitation/aggression increased in the morning-light group while decreasing in the control group from baseline to the end of the intervention—the opposite of the claimed improvement. The Abstract describes assessment at baseline and intervention end, not a six-month follow-up. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThere were statistically significant differences between morning light exposure and afternoon light exposure in agitation/aggression scores (p = 0.032) and between morning light and indoor light in aberrant motor behavior (AMB) scores at the end of intervention (p = 0.021).
“There were statistically significant differences between morning light exposure and afternoon light exposure in agitation/aggression scores (p = 0.032) and between morning light and indoor light in aberrant motor behavior (AMB) scores at the end of intervention (p = 0.021).”
From Nonpharmacological Interventions to Reduce Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: A Systematic Review (2015) · cites this paper as [36]
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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Clinical Significance as It Relates to Evidence-Based Practice
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The Effects of Light Therapy for Depression in Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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Fiat Lux: Light and Pedagogy for the 21st Century
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Light Therapy for Older People with Depressive Symptoms: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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The Behavioral Health Role in Nursing Facility Social Work
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Sleep Disorders Associated with Dementia
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Chapter 12. Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Trauma-Related Disorders
Conroy, M. L., Maruca-Sullivan, P. E., Lane, C. E., & Cook, J. M. (2022) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615375196.ds12 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
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Effects oflight on the elderly
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Chapter 20. Psychopharmacology
Mulsant, B. H., & Pollock, B. G. (2022) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615375196.ds20 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Chapter 8. Dementia and Mild Neurocognitive Disorders
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Mailhot, T., Inouye, S. K., & Saczynski, J. S. (2022) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615375196.ds07 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Chapter 14. Sexuality and Aging
Agronin, M. (2022) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615375196.ds14 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Chapter 11. Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
Graham, S. A., Adamowicz, D. H., Jeste, D. V., & Lee, E. (2022) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615375196.ds11 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Chapter 5. Use of the Laboratory in the Diagnostic Workup of Older Adults
Hathaway, E. E., & Wang, S. (2022) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615375196.ds05 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
An Investigation of Light Spectrum and Intensity on Depression among Older Adults
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Design Guidelines for Effective Long‐term Care Needs of Older Adults at Home
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DFP: Therapie der Alzheimer-Demenz: Status quo und Zukunftsperspektiven
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Modulation of food consumption in healthy adults by exposure to coloured lighting
Edmondson-Jones, K. (2017) · Sheffield Hallam University · doi:10.7190/shu-thesis-00022
de Oliveira, A. M. (2018) · doi:10.11606/t.5.2018.tde-05122018-132604
Chaudhury, H., Murray, K., & Seetharaman, K. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69892-2_855-1
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Chapter 4. The Psychiatric Interview of Older Adults
Blazer (2022) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615375196.ds04
Chapter 22. Individual and Group Psychotherapy
Smoski, M. J., & Kiosses, D. N. (2022) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615375196.ds22
Chapter 2. Physiological and Clinical Considerations of Geriatric Patient Care
Jaeger, J., & Kuchel, G. A. (2022) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615375196.ds02
Chapter 3. Genomics in Geriatric Psychiatry
Diniz, B. S., & Qiu, W. Q. (2022) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615375196.ds03
Chapter 26. Ethics in Geriatric Mental Health
Kim, D., & Dunn, L. B. (2022) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615375196.ds26
- Authors
- Dowling, G. A., Graf, C. L., Hubbard, E. M., & Luxenberg, J. S.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Institute on Aging (US)
- Jewish Home (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dowling, Glenna A.
- Venue
- Western Journal of Nursing Research
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2007-12
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 961-975
- ISSN
- 0193-9459 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-8456
- PMC
- PMC2387134
- OpenAlex
- W1994929688
- Cited by
- 121
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Western Journal of Nursing Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Nursing Research (NR002968, R01NR002968)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, bright light therapy, light exposure timing, nursing home residents, agitation and aggression, aberrant motor behavior, eating disorders, nocturnal activity, caregiver burden
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Analysis of Variance, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Mental Disorders, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nursing Assessment, Nursing Homes, Phototherapy, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychomotor Agitation, San Francisco, Severity of Illness Index, Time Factors, Clinical Nursing Research, Geriatric Assessment, Treatment Outcome
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