“A Giant Leap for Mankind” But What About Women? The Role of System-Justifying Ideologies in Predicting Attitudes Toward Sexist Language
Abstract
Sexist language excludes, trivializes, or diminishes either gender. Despite efforts by many professional bodies to encourage the use of nonsexist alternatives, sexist language use persists across many languages. Furthermore, research has shown that men are less supportive of nonsexist language alternatives than women, and that this effect is mediated by attitudes toward women. We propose that broader ideologies related to the perceived legitimacy of dominance hierarchies and existing social systems also explain this gender gap. British undergraduate participants completed measures of attitudes toward women, gender-specific system justification, and social dominance orientation. They also completed an inventory of attitudes toward sexist language. There was a strong gender difference in attitudes toward sexist language that was significantly mediated by gender-specific system justification and social dominance orientation. The relationship between gender and attitudes toward sexist language therefore appears to be driven by broader ideologies that serve to keep women “in their place”.
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Resistance to gender-inclusive language is partly rooted in the belief that gender is a fixed, binary, and essential category.
“This resistance is partly rooted in the belief that gender is a fixed, binary, and essential category and a desire to keep traditional gendered power structures intact in society (Douglas & Sutton, 2014; Hekanaho, 2022; Parks & Roberton, 2005).”
From A Sexist Language? Gender Differences in Attitudes and Use of Gender-Inclusive Pronouns (2025) · cites this paper as Douglas & Sutton, 2014
Resistance to gender-inclusive language is partly rooted in a desire to keep traditional gendered power structures intact in society.
“This resistance is partly rooted in the belief that gender is a fixed, binary, and essential category and a desire to keep traditional gendered power structures intact in society (Douglas & Sutton, 2014; Hekanaho, 2022; Parks & Roberton, 2005).”
From A Sexist Language? Gender Differences in Attitudes and Use of Gender-Inclusive Pronouns (2025) · cites this paper as Douglas & Sutton, 2014
Men are more resistant toward gender-inclusive language compared to individuals with other gender identities.
“men are more resistant toward gender-inclusive language compared to individuals with other gender identities (Douglas & Sutton, 2014; Parks & Roberton, 2005; Prentice, 1994; Sarrasin et al., 2012; Stahlberg et al., 2007)”
From A Sexist Language? Gender Differences in Attitudes and Use of Gender-Inclusive Pronouns (2025) · cites this paper as Douglas & Sutton, 2014
Cited by
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Renström, E. A. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1507858 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
A Sexist Language? Gender Differences in Attitudes and Use of Gender-Inclusive Pronouns
Remsö, A., Bäck, H., & Renström, E. A. (2025) · Journal of Language and Social Psychology · doi:10.1177/0261927x251335305 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“This resistance is partly rooted in the belief that gender is a fi xed, binary, and essential category and a desire to keep traditional gendered power structures intact in society (Douglas & Sutton, 2014; Hekanaho, 2022; Parks & Roberton, 2005).”
- Authors
- Douglas, K. M., & Sutton, R. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Kent (GB)
- Venue
- Journal of Language and Social Psychology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-06-08
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 667-680
- ISSN
- 0261-927X (ISSN-L)
- 1552-6526
- OpenAlex
- W2018078916
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 7.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Language and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent) (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Studies in Language
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Feminist Studies
- Keywords
- sexist language, system justification, social dominance orientation, gender gap, attitudes toward women, gender stereotypes
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