The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Aptitude, Attitude and Motivation in Second Language Proficiency: A Test Of Clément's Model
Abstract
This article presents a test of Clément's model of second language proficiency using the causal modelling technique. Data pertaining to attitudes, aptitude, motivation and second language proficiency were collected from 1,180 francophone students enrolled in grades 7, 9 and 11 in schools of eastern Québec (Canada). The results of the analysis using the LISREL V computer package support the hypothetical constructs and causal sequence posited by Clément. Furthermore, the generality of the model is supported by the cross-grade replicability of the obtained statistical solution. Finally, additional causal links and correlations obtained through refinement of the model suggest avenues for future study. These results are discussed within the context of current social psychological models of second language proficiency.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Simultaneous Factor Analysis in Several Populations
Jöreskog, K. G. (1971) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02291366 · Cited by 2,051
Cited by
MACINTYRE, P. D., CLÉMENT, R., DÖRNYEI, Z., & NOELS, K. A. (1998) · The Modern Language Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.1998.tb05543.x · Cited by 2,171
Self-citationAnxiety and Second‐Language Learning: Toward a Theoretical Clarification*
MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1989) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1989.tb00423.x · Cited by 930
Methods and Results in the Study of Anxiety and Language Learning: A Review of the Literature*
MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1991) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1991.tb00677.x · Cited by 856
Yashima, T., Zenuk‐Nishide, L., & Shimizu, K. (2004) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9922.2004.00250.x · Cited by 684
Second Language Learning in an Immersion Programme: Factors Influencing Acquisition and Retention
Gardner, R. C., Moorcroft, R., & Metforda, J. (1989) · Journal of Language and Social Psychology · doi:10.1177/0261927x8985002 · Cited by 37
Metadata
- Authors
- Clément, R., & Kruidenier, B. G.
- Venue
- Journal of Language and Social Psychology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1985-03
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 21-37
- ISSN
- 0261-927X (ISSN-L)
- 1552-6526
- OpenAlex
- W2098569865
- Cited by
- 298
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 28.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Aptitude, Attitude and Motivation in Second Language Proficiency: A Test Of Clément's Model. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/0261927x8500400102
- The paper
- Clément, R., & Kruidenier, B. G. (1985). Aptitude, Attitude and Motivation in Second Language Proficiency: A Test Of Clément's Model. Journal of Language and Social Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927x8500400102
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
