Cited by 140Psychedelics and Drug StudiesForensic Toxicology and Drug AnalysisAlkaloids: synthesis and pharmacology

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The epidemiology of 5-methoxy- N, N -dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) use: Benefits, consequences, patterns of use, subjective effects, and reasons for consumption

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Davis, Alan K, Barsuglia, Joseph P, Lancelotta, Rafael, Grant, Robert M, Renn, Elise·2018·Journal of Psychopharmacology

DOI 10.1177/0269881118769063PMC PMC6248886

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Abstract

Background/aim: 5-Methoxy- N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) is a psychoactive compound found in several plants and in high concentrations in Bufo alvarius toad venom. Synthetic, toad, and plant-sourced 5-MeO-DMT are used for spiritual and recreational purposes and may have psychotherapeutic effects. However, the use of 5-MeO-DMT is not well understood. Therefore, we examined patterns of use, motivations for consumption, subjective effects, and potential benefits and consequences associated with 5-MeO-DMT use. Methods: Using internet-based advertisements, 515 respondents ( M age =35.4. SD=11.7; male=79%; White/Caucasian=86%; United States resident=42%) completed a web-based survey. Results: Most respondents consumed 5-MeO-DMT infrequently (<once/year), for spiritual exploration, and had used less than four times in their lifetime. The majority (average of 90%) reported moderate-to-strong mystical-type experiences ( M intensity =3.64, SD=1.11; range 0–5; e.g., ineffability, timelessness, awe/amazement, experience of pure being/awareness), and relatively fewer (average of 37%) experienced very slight challenging experiences ( M intensity =0.95, SD=0.91; range 0–5; e.g., anxiousness, fear). Less than half (39%) reported repeated consumption during the same session, and very few reported drug craving/desire (8%), or legal (1%), medical (1%), or psychiatric (1%) problems related to use. Furthermore, of those who reported being diagnosed with psychiatric disorders, the majority reported improvements in symptoms following 5-MeO-DMT use, including improvements related to post-traumatic stress disorder (79%), depression (77%), anxiety (69%), and alcoholism (66%) or drug use disorder (60%). Conclusion: Findings suggest that 5-MeO-DMT is used infrequently, predominantly for spiritual exploration, has low potential for addiction, and might have psychotherapeutic effects. Future research should examine the safety and pharmacokinetics of 5-MeO-DMT administration in humans using rigorous experimental designs.

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Authors: Davis, A. K., Barsuglia, J. P., Lancelotta, R., Grant, R. M., & Renn, E.
Affiliations: Johns Hopkins University (US)
Crossroads Treatment Center, Rosarito, Mexico
University of Wyoming (US)
University of California, San Francisco (US)
Corresponding author: Davis, Alan K
ORCID: Davis, Alan K
Barsuglia, Joseph P
Lancelotta, Rafael
Grant, Robert M
Venue: Journal of Psychopharmacology
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2018-04-30
Volume: 32
Issue: 7
Pages: 779-792
ISSN: 0269-8811 (ISSN-L)
1461-7285
DOI: 10.1177/0269881118769063
PMC: PMC6248886
OpenAlex: W2802902398
Cited by: 140
References: 40
Citations by year: 2026: 19 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 4
FWCI: 12.93
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA007747)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA07209)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychedelics and Drug Studies
Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis
Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Alkaloids: synthesis and pharmacology
Keywords: 5-MeO-DMT, tryptamine, psychedelic drug use, usage patterns, subjective effects, spiritual journey, psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, alcoholism, drug craving, addiction potential
MeSH terms: Adult, Female, Hallucinogens, Humans, Male, Methoxydimethyltryptamines, Middle Aged, Motivation, Psychotropic Drugs, Surveys and Questionnaires, Substance-Related Disorders, Internet, Young Adult

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The epidemiology of 5-methoxy- N, N -dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) use: Benefits, consequences, patterns of use, subjective effects, and reasons for consumption

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