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Psychological well-being in professional orchestral musicians in Australia: A descriptive population study.
Abstract
We report the major findings from the psychosocial questionnaire component of a cross-sectional population survey of the musicians in Australia’s eight full-time professional symphonic and pit orchestras. The response rate was 70% ( n = 377). Female musicians reported significantly more trait anxiety, music performance anxiety, social anxiety, and other forms of anxiety and depression than male musicians. The youngest musicians (<30 years) were significantly more anxious compared with the oldest musicians (51+). The youngest female musicians were most affected by music performance anxiety. Music performance anxiety was lowest for the older musicians (51+ years). Thirty-three per cent of musicians may meet criteria for a diagnosis of social phobia. Twenty-two per cent answered in the affirmative to a question screening for post-traumatic stress disorder. Thirty-two per cent returned a positive depression screen; this subgroup had higher scores on the anxiety measures. Linear regression analysis identified the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T), the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), the Anxiety and Depression Detector (ADD) and age as independent predictors of music performance anxiety severity. Significant numbers of musicians drank alcohol in a manner outside the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) alcohol guidelines (2009); only 6% were current smokers. This study has identified a significant pattern of anxiety, depression and health behaviours that require attention in occupational health and safety policies and programmes for this workforce.
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“As many as 31% of professional, orchestral musicians use beta-blockers to reduce the physiological arousal symptoms associated with MPA, for example, propranolol and nadolol (Kenny et al., 2012).”
From Piloting a New Model for Treating Music Performance Anxiety: Training a Singing Teacher to Use Acceptance and Commitment Coaching With a Student (2020) · cites this paper as Kenny et al., 2012
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“…reported higher levels of music performance anxiety, social anxiety, trait anxiety, and depressive symptoms among female compared to male musicians (Kenny et al., 2014; Vaag et al., 2016a; Musgrave et al., 2025; Ackermann et al., 2014) and higher substance use among male and diverse musicians…”
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“In some cases, these challenges are more prevalent in students than in professional musicians, and tend to worsen by the end of the first year of study (Fernholz et al., 2019; Hildebrandt et al., 2012; Kenny et al., 2014; Matei et al., 2018; Rosset et al., 2022).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Kenny, D., Driscoll, T., & Ackermann, B.
- Affiliations
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Venue
- Psychology of Music
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2012-12-12
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 210-232
- ISSN
- 0305-7356 (ISSN-L)
- 1741-3087
- OpenAlex
- W2163499944
- Cited by
- 309
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 57 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 5.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychology of Music (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Musicians’ Health and Performance
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Music › Diverse Music Education Insights
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Music Therapy and Health
- Keywords
- orchestral musicians, professional musicians, psychological well-being, music performance anxiety, social anxiety, depression, social anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, gender differences, age differences, alcohol consumption, smoking, occupational health and safety, health behavior
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