Psychometric properties of the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN): New self-rating scale
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Background: Of available self-rated social phobia scales, none assesses the spectrum of fear, avoidance, and physiological symptoms, all of which are clinically important. Because of this limitation, we developed the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN). Aims: To establish psychometric validation of the SPIN. Method: Subjects from three clinical trials and two control groups were given the 17-item, self-rated SPIN. Validity was assessed against several established measures of social anxiety, global assessments of severity and improvement, and scales assessing physical health and disability. Results: Good test – retest reliability, internal consistency, convergent and divergent validity were obtained. A SPIN score of 19 distinguished between social phobia subjects and controls. The SPIN was responsive to change in symptoms over time and reflected different responses to active drugs v. placebo. Factorial analysis identified five factors. Conclusions: The SPIN demonstrates solid psychometric properties and shows promise as a measurement for the screening of, and treatment response to, social phobia.
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Participants were screened for SAD using the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) with a cut-off score of 19 or higher, following Connor et al. [74].
“participants were screened using the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN). This 17-item self-report scale assesses dimensions of fear, avoidance, and physiological symptoms. Following the established methodology of Connor et al. [74], a cut-off score of 19 or higher was implemented to distinguish individuals with clinically significant symptoms from the broader student population.”
From Advancing Undergraduate Student Mental Healthcare of Social Anxiety Disorder: Evaluating the Acceptance of AR-Assisted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Through TAM-Based Constructs. (2026) · cites this paper as Connor et al. [74]
The Construct validity section reports that a SPIN cut-off of 19 distinguished subjects with and without social phobia, supporting the chosen threshold. Connor et al. tested clinical and control groups, not a student population, so the source does not establish that this threshold distinguishes clinically significant symptoms from the broader student population. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) is a reliable measure for evaluating treatment change in social anxiety symptoms.
“The SPIN distinguishes socially anxious individuals from normal controls by using a 19-point cut-off and is a reliable measure for evaluating treatment change in social anxiety symptoms (Connor et al. 2000;Osório et al. 2009).”
From Trial-Based Cognitive Therapy: Efficacy of a New CBT Approach for Treating Social Anxiety Disorder with Comorbid Depression. (2018) · cites this paper as Connor et al. 2000
The Social Phobia Inventory has demonstrated good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, sensitivity to treatment effects, and convergent and divergent validity.
“This measure has demonstrated good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, sensitivity to treatment effects, and convergent and divergent validity (Antony et al., 2006;Connor et al., 2000).”
From Evaluating Mechanisms: Mapping Weekly Dynamics between Experiential Avoidance and SAD Symptoms (2021) · cites this paper as Connor et al., 2000
A cutoff of 19 on the Social Phobia Inventory has been previously shown to distinguish individuals with SAD from non-clinical and clinical non-SAD samples.
“A cutoff of 19 has been previously shown to distinguish individuals with SAD from non-clinical and clinical non-SAD samples (Connor et al., 2000).”
From A Randomized Trial of Brief Online Interventions to Facilitate Treatment Seeking for Social Anxiety. (2022) · cites this paper as Connor et al., 2000
The two SAD groups were balanced according to the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN).
“Moreover, the two SAD groups were balanced according to the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN (Connor et al, 2000)).”
From Cannabidiol Reduces the Anxiety Induced by Simulated Public Speaking in Treatment-Naïve Social Phobia Patients (2011) · cites this paper as Connor et al, 2000
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- Authors
- Connor, K. M., Davidson, J. R. T., Churchill, L. E., Sherwood, A., Weisler, R. H., & Foa, E.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Connor, Kathryn M.
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2000-04
- Volume
- 176
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 379-386
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2095958248
- Cited by
- 1,624
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 113 · 2025: 120 · 2024: 110 · 2023: 110 · 2022: 104 · 2021: 104 · 2020: 120 · 2019: 91 · 2018: 93 · 2017: 70 · 2016: 61 · 2015: 81 · 2014: 76 · 2013: 65 · 2012: 57
- FWCI
- 12.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Education › Health Education and Validation
- Keywords
- Social Phobia Inventory, social anxiety disorder, social anxiety, self-report questionnaire, psychometric validation, test-retest reliability, internal consistency, convergent validity, discriminant validity, treatment response, screening tool, factor structure
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Clinical Protocols, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Phobic Disorders, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Sensitivity and Specificity, Severity of Illness Index
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