The Financialization of Food and the 2008–2011 Food Price Spikes
Abstract
The treatment of recent global food price volatility in the neoclassical academic literature is problematic in its limited conceptual and empirical scope. This study presents new empirical data and analysis linking financial speculation by index swap dealers (‘index funds’) with US and global food price volatility. Marxian circuits of capital are used to illustrate the connection between index funds and food consumers. The findings show that financial speculation by index swap dealers and hedge funds significantly contributed to the price volatility of food commodities between June 2006 and December 2014. The key conceptual contribution is that it articulates geographical economic interpretation of food price volatility and financial speculation in a literature awash with neoclassical economic analyses.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
During the food price spikes observed between 2008 and 2011, hedge funds were implicated in exacerbating price volatility through speculative trading in futures markets.
“For instance, during the food price spikes observed between 2008 and 2011, hedge funds were implicated in exacerbating price volatility through speculative trading in futures markets.”
From Food Financialization: Impact of Derivatives and Index Funds on Agri-Food Market Volatility (2024) · cites this paper as Field 2016
Financialization of food markets has had profound implications, particularly for vulnerable populations in developing regions, where food security is critically impacted by price volatility driven by financial actors.
“This financialization of food markets has had profound implications, particularly for vulnerable populations in developing regions, where food security is critically impacted by price volatility driven by financial actors”
From Food Financialization: Impact of Derivatives and Index Funds on Agri-Food Market Volatility (2024) · cites this paper as Field 2016
Cites
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Dalling, T. (2022) · Permanent missions to the United Nations · doi:10.18356/9789210018289c230 · Cited by 5,379 · see citing works
Facts and Fantasies about Commodity Futures
Gorton, G. B., & Rouwenhorst, K. G. (2006) · Financial Analysts Journal · doi:10.2469/faj.v62.n2.4083 · Cited by 1,432 · see citing works
How to understand high food prices
Gilbert, C. L. (2010) · Journal of Agricultural Economics · doi:10.1111/j.1477-9552.2010.00248.x · Cited by 738 · see citing works
The Financialization of Home and the Mortgage Market Crisis
Aalbers, M. B. (2008) · Competition & Change · doi:10.1177/102452940801200204 · Cited by 540 · see citing works
Index Funds, Financialization, and Commodity Futures Markets
Irwin, S. H., & Sanders, D. R. (2011) · Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy · doi:10.1093/aepp/ppq032 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Financialization, distance and global food politics
Clapp, J. (2014) · The Journal of Peasant Studies · doi:10.1080/03066150.2013.875536 · Cited by 469 · see citing works
The global food economy: the battle for the future of farming
Weis, T. (2007) · Fernwood Publishing eBooks · doi:10.5040/9781350223165 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Devil or Angel? The Role of Speculation in the Recent Commodity Price Boom (and Bust)
Irwin, S. H., Sanders, D. R., & Merrin, R. P. (2009) · Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics · doi:10.1017/s1074070800002856 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Geographies of the financial crisis
Aalbers, M. B. (2009) · Area · doi:10.1111/j.1475-4762.2008.00877.x · Cited by 317 · see citing works
The food crises and political instability in north Africa and the Middle East
Lagi, M., Bertrand, K. Z., & Bar-Yam, Y. (2011) · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1910031 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Drivers and triggers of international food price spikes and volatility
Tadesse, G., Algieri, B., Kalkuhl, M., & von Braun, J. (2013) · Food Policy · doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2013.08.014 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Berry, C. (2013) · Manchester University Press eBooks · doi:10.7765/9781847794208.00010 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Food Price Volatility and Vulnerability in the Global South: considering the global economic context
Jennifer A. Clapp (University of Waterloo) (2009) · Third World Quarterly · doi:10.1080/01436590903037481 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
The Nature of Commodity Index Returns
Greer, R. J. (2000) · The Journal of Alternative Investments · doi:10.3905/jai.2000.318924 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
The Food Crises: A Quantitative Model of Food Prices Including Speculators and Ethanol ConversionPreprint
Lagi, M., Bar‐Yam, Y., Bertrand, K. Z., & Yaneer Bar-yam, A. (2011) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1932247 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Clapp, J., & Cohen, M. J. (2009) · Wilfrid Laurier University Press eBooks · doi:10.51644/9781554581986 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Irwin, S. H., Garcia, P., Good, D., & Kunda, E. L. (2011) · Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy · doi:10.1093/aepp/ppr001 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Mayer, J. (2012) · The Journal of Development Studies · doi:10.1080/00220388.2011.649261 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Hunger in the balance: the new politics of international food aid
King, J. E. (2013) · Global Change Peace & Security · doi:10.1080/14781158.2013.751909 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Impaco de la pandemia Covid – 19 en el mercado laboral en Colombia, America Latina y el Caribe
Sierra Gutiérrez, W. A. (2020) · Aaltodoc (Aalto University) · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Rising Food Prices and Coping Strategies: Household-level Evidence from Afghanistan
D'Souza, A. E., & Jolliffe, D. (2012) · The Journal of Development Studies · doi:10.1080/00220388.2011.635422 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Cetina, K. K. (2006) · Theory Culture & Society · doi:10.1177/0263276406062702 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Hungry for change: farmers, food justice and the agrarian question
Goodchild, H. (2013) · The Journal of Peasant Studies · doi:10.1080/03066150.2013.863818 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Fabricating the Market: The Promotion of Life Assurance in the Long Nineteenth-Century
McFall, L., & Dodsworth, F. (2009) · Journal of Historical Sociology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6443.2009.01341.x · Cited by 21 · see citing works
The 1996 grain price shock: How did it affect food inflation?
Shevlin, T., & Light, J. (1998) · Monthly labor review · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Hedge Fund Investment Management
(2006) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7506-6007-5.x5000-x · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Liu, L., Wang, W., Yan, X., Shen, M., & Chen, H. (2023) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-023-01944-z · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Manogna, R. L., & Kulkarni, N. (2024) · Borsa Istanbul Review · doi:10.1016/j.bir.2024.01.001 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Economic Geography: A Critical Introduction
Peck, J., Roberts, S. M., Muellerleile, C., Johnson, L., Potts, S., Barnes, T. J., & Christophers, B. (2019) · The AAG Review of Books · doi:10.1080/2325548x.2019.1546035 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Mrabet, Z., Alsamara, M., Mimouni, K., & Awwad, A. S. (2024) · Economic Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.econmod.2024.106914 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Bedore, M. (2018) · Geographical Journal · doi:10.1111/geoj.12251 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Futures–spot price transmission in EU corn markets
Penone, C., Giampietri, E., & Trestini, S. (2022) · Agribusiness · doi:10.1002/agr.21735 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Transforming Agri-Food Sectors to Mitigate Climate Change: The Role of Green Finance
Batini, N. (2019) · Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung · doi:10.3790/vjh.88.3.7 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Food Financialization: Impact of Derivatives and Index Funds on Agri-Food Market Volatility
Venegas, M. D. R., Feregrino, J., Lay, N., & Espinosa-Cristia, J. F. (2024) · International Journal of Financial Studies · doi:10.3390/ijfs12040121 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Agriculturalizing finance? Data assemblages and derivatives markets in small-town New Zealand
Henry, M., & Prince, R. (2018) · Environment and Planning A Economy and Space · doi:10.1177/0308518x18774047 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Towards a Marxist Theory of Financialized Capitalism
Powell, J. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190695545.013.37 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Food challenges, technological changes and food geopolitics
Flexor, G. (2023) · Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural · doi:10.1590/1806-9479.2022.269655 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Field, S. (2024) · Antipode · doi:10.1111/anti.13026 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationChen, Y., & Tang, J. (2024) · Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) · doi:10.17221/432/2023-agricecon · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Luigi, C. D., Clark, G. L., & Wójcik, D. (2025) · Economic Geography · doi:10.1080/00130095.2025.2543505 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Gıda Rejimleri ve Gıda Krizleri: Kapitalizmin Çıkmazında Alternatif Arayışlar
Şentürk, B. (2023) · Özgür Yayınları eBooks · doi:10.58830/ozgur.pub230.c1007 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Idylle, hybrydy i heterotopie. Wiejskość i jedzenie w alternatywnych sieciach żywieniowych
Goszczyński, W. (2023) · Instytut Rozwoju Wsi i Rolnictwa PAN eBooks · doi:10.53098/978-83-89900-72-2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Spaces of difference, spaces of possibility?
Beacham, J. (2018) · Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) · doi:10.17635/lancaster/thesis/482 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Examining the influence of intellectuals on commodity speculation
Field, S. (2017) · Geoforum · doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2017.05.005
Self-citationListening to the Sounds of the Algorithm
Lenglet, M. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192865755.013.34
Pesketaryen Beslenme ve Genel Özellikleri
KINAY, A. G., & Duyar, H. A. (2023) · Özgür Yayınları eBooks · doi:10.58830/ozgur.pub230.c1005
Sosyal Bilimler Üzerine Araştırmalar-VII
ŞANLI, H. K., Bayram, A. T., YAZIT, H., KILIÇ, A. G., GENÇER, K., Kök, A., Kınay, A. G., Duyar, H. A., Kantoğlu, B., Şentürk, B., et al. (2023) · Özgür Yayınları eBooks · doi:10.58830/ozgur.pub230
ŞANLI, H. K. (2023) · Özgür Yayınları eBooks · doi:10.58830/ozgur.pub230.c986
Ocak, A. (2023) · Özgür Yayınları eBooks · doi:10.58830/ozgur.pub230.c1010
Education and Time in Market Work in Turkey: Evidence from Time Use Surveys
Susanlı, Z. B. (2023) · Özgür Yayınları eBooks · doi:10.58830/ozgur.pub230.c1008
Ekoturizm ve Amasya Açısından Bir Değerlendirme
KILIÇ, A. G., & GENÇER, K. (2023) · Özgür Yayınları eBooks · doi:10.58830/ozgur.pub230.c1003
Dynamics of Rice Prices in Modern and Traditional Markets in East Java
Priyambodo, A. W., Sabang, Y., Mufida, E., & Ridlwan, A. A. (2026) · BIO Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/bioconf/202620801007
Does Index Investment and Speculative Sentiment Impact Price Discovery?
Bandyopadhyay, A., & Rajib, P. (2026) · Annals of Financial Economics · doi:10.1142/s2010495226500077
- Authors
- Field, S.
- Affiliations
- Queen's University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Field, Sean
- Venue
- Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2016-07-28
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2272-2290
- ISSN
- 0308-518X (ISSN-L)
- 1472-3409
- OpenAlex
- W2469590103
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 4.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Environment and Planning A Economy and Space (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economics of Agriculture and Food Markets
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Market Dynamics and Volatility
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Political Economy and Marxism
- Keywords
- food price volatility, financial speculation, index funds, hedge funds, food commodities, critique of neoclassical economics, geographical economics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review