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Effects of warming up, massage, and stretching on range of motion and muscle strength in the lower extremity
Abstract
The effects of general warming up, massage, and stretching on ranges of motion (ROM) and strength of quadriceps and hamstring muscles were measured in eight male volunteers. Thigh muscle strength was not influenced by the experimental procedures. Stretching resulted in a significantly increased range of hip flexion/ extension, hip abduction, knee flexion, and ankle dor siflexion; the effect was significantly greater than that obtained by massage and warming up separately or combined. Only ankle dorsiflexion was influenced by massage or warming up, whereas stretching affected all muscle groups tested. Stretching was, therefore, superior to the other methods tested for increasing flexibility in the lower extremity.
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Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Armitage P. Statistical Methods in Medical Research Oxford , Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1974
- deVries H. Physiology of Exercise for Physical Education and Athletics Second Edition, Dubuque, W C Braun, 1980, pp 451-453
- 10.1177/036354658201000202 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1177/036354658301100302 · DOI · Paper page
- Moffroid M., Whipple R., Hofkosh J., et al A study of isokinetic exercise Phys Ther 7 735-746, 1969 · DOI · Paper page
- Pardon ET Lower extremities are site of most soccer injuries Physician Sports med 6 43-48, 1977 · doi:10.1080/00913847.1977.11710588
Cited by
The Mechanisms of Massage and Effects on Performance, Muscle Recovery and Injury Prevention
Weerapong, P., Hume, P. A., & Kolt, G. S. (2005) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200535030-00004 · Cited by 787
Bishop, D. (2003) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200333060-00005 · Cited by 715
MacDonald, G. Z., Penney, M. D. H., Mullaley, M. E., Cuconato, A. L., Drake, C. D. J., Behm, D. G., & Button, D. C. (2013) · Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e31825c2bc1 · Cited by 411
The Warm-Up Procedure: To Stretch or Not to Stretch. A Brief Review
Smith, C. A. (1994) · Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.1994.19.1.12 · Cited by 300
Young, W., & Elliott, S. (2001) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2001.10608960 · Cited by 297
Metadata
- Authors
- Wiktorsson-Moller, M., Öberg, B., Ekstrand, J., & Gillquist, J.
- Venue
- The American Journal of Sports Medicine
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1983-07
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 249-252
- ISSN
- 0363-5465 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-3365
- OpenAlex
- W2119667190
- Cited by
- 232
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 5.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Effects of warming up, massage, and stretching on range of motion and muscle strength in the lower extremity. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/036354658301100412
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- Wiktorsson-Moller, M., Öberg, B., Ekstrand, J., & Gillquist, J. (1983). Effects of warming up, massage, and stretching on range of motion and muscle strength in the lower extremity. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354658301100412
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
