The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Smiling, Deferring, and Flirting: Doing Gender by Giving “Good Service”
Abstract
Using a gendered organization perspective, this research examines how restaurants structure gendered service encounters and how table servers perform gendered scripts of good service. Interview data from integrated wait staffs in five kinds of restaurants reveal three scripts of good service—friendliness, deference, and flirting. Waitresses were perceived as stereotypically friendly and openly displayed cheerfulness in coffee shops. Resisting subservience was easier for waiters and in restaurants that gender the work role as “waitering.” Waitresses performed a “job flirt” in restaurants that cast the work role as “waitressing.” To give good service is to “do gender” by performing gendered scripts, by differentially applying scripts to waiters and waitresses, and by structuring scripts into waitering and waitressing work roles.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life.
Naegele, K. D., & Goffman, E. (1956) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2089106 · Cited by 25,991
The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life
Goffman, E. (2023) · Social Theory Re-Wired · doi:10.4324/9781003320609-59 · Cited by 17,562
WEST, C., & ZIMMERMAN, D. H. (1987) · Gender & Society · doi:10.1177/0891243287001002002 · Cited by 8,954
The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling
Tropman, J. E., & Hochschild, A. R. (1984) · Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · doi:10.2307/3324333 · Cited by 8,746
HIERARCHIES, JOBS, BODIES: A Theory of Gendered Organizations
ACKER, J. (1990) · Gender & Society · doi:10.1177/089124390004002002 · Cited by 7,374
Men and Women of the Corporation.
Strauss, G., & Kanter, R. M. (1978) · Industrial and Labor Relations Review · doi:10.2307/2522922 · Cited by 7,288
Men and Women of the Corporation
Devanna, M. A. (1978) · The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science · doi:10.1177/002188637801400208 · Cited by 6,354
Payne, G., Dingwall, R. W. J., Payne, J., & Carter, M. (1981) · Nottingham Trent University's Institutional Repository (Nottingham Trent Repository) · Cited by 5,015
SCRIPTS, PLANS, GOALS, AND UNDERSTANDING
Schank, R. C., & Abelson, R. P. (1988) · Readings in Cognitive Science · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-1446-7.50019-4 · Cited by 4,535
Scripts, Plans, Goals, and Understanding
Schank, R. C., & Abelson, R. P. (2013) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203781036 · Cited by 3,155
Cited by
The contingent smile: A meta-analysis of sex differences in smiling.
LaFrance, M., Hecht, M. A., & Paluck, E. L. (2003) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.2.305 · Cited by 514
Inauthenticity and Depression: Assessing the Consequences of Interactive Service Work
ERICKSON, R. J., & WHARTON, A. S. (1997) · Work and Occupations · doi:10.1177/0730888497024002004 · Cited by 388
Ovulatory cycle effects on tip earnings by lap dancers: economic evidence for human estrus?
Miller, G., Tybur, J. M., & Jordan, B. D. (2007) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2007.06.002 · Cited by 310
`Mobilizing Masculinities': Women's Experiences of Men at
Martin, P. Y. (2001) · Organization · doi:10.1177/135050840184003 · Cited by 295
‘Who's Got the Look?’ Emotional, Aesthetic and Sexualized Labour in Interactive Services
Warhurst, C., & Nickson, D. (2009) · Gender, Work & Organization · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0432.2009.00450.x · Cited by 255
Metadata
- Authors
- HALL, E. J.
- Venue
- Work and Occupations
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1993-11
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 452-471
- ISSN
- 0093-9285 (ISSN-L)
- 0730-8884
- 1552-8464
- OpenAlex
- W1992054400
- Cited by
- 268
- References
- 43
- FWCI
- 3.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Smiling, Deferring, and Flirting: Doing Gender by Giving “Good Service”. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/0730888493020004003
- The paper
- HALL, E. J. (1993). Smiling, Deferring, and Flirting: Doing Gender by Giving “Good Service”. Work and Occupations. https://doi.org/10.1177/0730888493020004003
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.