Pilot scale evaluation of sorting technologies for CCA treated wood waste
Abstract
Two sorting technologies including a chemical stain method and an x-ray fluorescence technique were investigated for separating chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood from other wood types in the wood waste stream. Stains were investigated in both laboratory and field settings. Studies included specially mixed solutions with chrome azurol, 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) and rubeanic acid chemicals. X-ray fluorescence was tested in the laboratory using a commercially available x-ray fluorescence spectrometer. Laboratory scale experiments showed that both technologies were able to detect CCA treated wood in mixtures of treated wood and untreated wood, with detection limits on the order of 3 to 5% CCA. Results from field experiments at construction and demolition facilities indicate that although the chemical stains can be effectively used to identify CCA treated wood waste in field settings, their use will be limited to sorting relatively small wood waste piles due to increased labor and time needed for processing the wood waste. Operational parameters for sorting using x-ray fluorescence technology were established. These parameters concluded that arsenic was the most sensitive metal for analysis, analysis time was less than 2 seconds per wood sample, and the maximum separation distance between the sample and the x-ray probe was 2.5 cm. X-ray technology shows considerable promise for separating large quantities of CCA-treated wood from other wood types in the field using an on-line sorting system.
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- Authors
- Blassino, M., Solo-Gabriele, H., & Townsend, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Miami (US)
- University of Miami, Dept. of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Coral Gables, Florida
- University of Florida (US)
- ORCID
- Townsend, Timothy
- Venue
- Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2002-06
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 290-301
- ISSN
- 0734-242X (ISSN-L)
- 1096-3669
- OpenAlex
- W2076326012
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 14.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Waste Management & Research The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Miami
- University of Florida
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Recycling and Waste Management Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Municipal Solid Waste Management
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Recycling and utilization of industrial and municipal waste in materials production
- Keywords
- CCA-treated wood, chemical staining, X-ray fluorescence, arsenic determination, chromated copper arsenate, construction and demolition waste, wood waste recycling, rubeanic acid, Pan
- MeSH terms
- Arsenates, Chemistry Techniques, Analytical, Construction Materials, Environmental Pollution, Pilot Projects, Refuse Disposal, Sensitivity and Specificity, Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission, Wood
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