Review of disposal technologies for chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood waste, with detailed analyses of thermochemical conversion processes
Abstract
Several alternative methods for the disposal of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood waste have been studied in the literature, and these methods are reviewed and compared in this paper. Alternative disposal methods include: recycling and recovery, chemical extraction, bioremediation, electrodialytic remediation and thermal destruction. Thermochemical conversion processes are evaluated in detail based on experiments with model compounds as well as experimental and modelling work with CCA treated wood. The latter category includes: determination of the percentage of arsenic volatilised during thermal conversion of CCA treated wood, identification of the mechanisms responsible for arsenic release, modelling of high temperature equilibrium chemistry involved when CCA treated wood is burned, overview of options available for arsenic capture, characterisation of ash resulting from (co-)combustion of CCA treated wood, concerns about polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/F) formation. Finally, the most appropriate thermochemical disposal technology is identified on short term (co-incineration) and on long term (low-temperature pyrolysis or high-temperature gasification).
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Cites
Progress in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion
(2001) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470694954 · Cited by 552 · see citing works
Arsenic Disposal Practices in the Metallurgical Industry
Riveros, P. A., Dutrizac, J. E., & Spencer, P. A. (2001) · Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly · doi:10.1179/000844301794388263 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Arsenic Disposal Practices in the Metallurgical Industry
Riveros, P. A., Dutrizac, J. E., & Spencer, P. (2001) · Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly · doi:10.1179/cmq.2001.40.4.395 · Cited by 239
Mechanistic steps in the production of PCDD and PCDF during waste combustion
Gullett, B. K., Bruce, K. R., Beach, L. O., et al. (1992) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/0045-6535(92)90158-n · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Wood and Combination Wood‐Fired Boiler Ash Characterization
Someshwar, A. V. (1996) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500050006x · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Capture of Gas-Phase Arsenic Oxide by Lime: Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies
Jadhav, R. A., & Fan, L. (2001) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es001405m · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Sterling, R. O., & Helble, J. J. (2003) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00722-1 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
An equilibrium analysis to determine the speciation of metals in an incinerator
Wu, C. Y., & Biswas, P. (1993) · Combustion and Flame · doi:10.1016/0010-2180(93)90082-e · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Characteristics of chromated copper arsenate-treated wood ash
Solo‐Gabriele, H. M. (2002) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/s0304-3894(01)00311-9 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Froese, K. L., & Hutzinger, O. (1996) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es9504808 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Reduction of Coal-Based Metal Emissions by Furnace Sorbent Injection
Gullett, B. K., & Raghunathan, K. (1994) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/ef00047a009 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
CCA removal from treated wood using a dual remediation process
Clausen, C. A. (2000) · Waste Management & Research The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy · doi:10.1034/j.1399-3070.2000.00151.x · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Impact of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) in wood mulch
Townsend, T. G., Solo‐Gabriele, H. M., Tolaymat, T. M., & Stook, K. (2003) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(03)00047-0 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Moskal, T. M., & Hahn, D. W. (2002) · Applied Spectroscopy · doi:10.1366/000370202760355316 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Kartal, S. N., & Clausen, C. A. (2001) · International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation · doi:10.1016/s0964-8305(01)00047-6 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Helsen, L., den Bulck, E. V., den Broeck, K. V., & Vandecasteele, C. (1997) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/s0956-053x(97)00040-8 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationPyrolysis and combustion toxicity of wood treated with CCA
Hirata, T., Inoue, M., & Fukui, Y. (1992) · Wood Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/bf00203408 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
THE CHEMISTRY OF CHROMATED COPPER ARSENATE WOOD PRESERVATIVES
Humphrey, D. G. (2002) · Reviews in Inorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1515/revic.2002.22.1.1 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Helsen, L., den Bulck, E. V., Bael, M. K. V., Vanhoyland, G., & Mullens, J. (2004) · Thermochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.tca.2003.12.016 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationArsenic release during pyrolysis of CCA treated wood waste: current state of knowledge
Helsen, L., den Bulck, E. V., Bael, M. K. V., & Mullens, J. (2003) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/s0165-2370(03)00055-x · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationTGA modeling of the thermal decomposition of CCA treated lumber waste
Kercher, A. K., & Nagle, D. C. (2001) · Wood Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/s002260100094 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Wunderli, S., Zennegg, M., Doležal, I. S., Gujer, E., Moser, U., Wolfensberger, M., Hasler, P., Noger, D., Studer, C., & Karlaganis, G. (2000) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00332-x · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Metal Behavior during the Low-Temperature Pyrolysis of Chromated Copper Arsenate-Treated Wood Waste
Helsen, L., & Van den Bulck, E. (2000) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es991102w · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationPilot scale evaluation of sorting technologies for CCA treated wood waste
Blassino, M., Solo-Gabriele, H., & Townsend, T. (2002) · Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy · doi:10.1177/0734242x0202000310 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Cement-bonded particleboards using CCA-treated wood removed from service.
Chen, H., & Cooper, P. A. (2000) · Forest Products Journal · Cited by 40 · see citing works
CCA removal from treated wood using a dual remediation process
Clausen, C. A. (2000) · Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy · doi:10.1177/0734242x0001800510 · Cited by 40
The Volatilisation of Arsenic on Burning Copper-Chrome-Arsenic (CCA) Treated Wood
Dobbs, A. J., & Grant, C. (1978) · Holzforschung · doi:10.1515/hfsg.1978.32.1.32 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Helsen, L., & den Bulck, E. V. (1998) · Holzforschung · doi:10.1515/hfsg.1998.52.6.607 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of steam explosion processing and organic acids on CCA removal from treated wood waste
Shiau, R. J., Smith, R. L., & Avellar, B. (2000) · Wood Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/s002260000047 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Evaluation of dahurian larch in mechanical connections
Gupta, R., & Vatovec, M. (1996) · Forest Products Journal · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Formation and inhibition of chloroaromatic micropollutants formed in incineration processes
Lenoir, D., Wehrmeier, A., Sidhu, S. S., et al. (2001) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00330-1 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Electron microscopic study on pyrolysis of CCA (chromium, copper and arsenic oxide)-treated wood
Hata, T., Bronsveld, P. M., Vystavěl, T., Kooi, B. J., Hosson, J. T. M. D., Kakitani, T., Otono, A., & Imamura, Y. (2003) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/s0165-2370(03)00077-9 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Toxicity of emissions from combustion and pyrolysis of wood
Wilkins, E. S., & Murray, F. E. (1980) · Wood Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/bf00383455 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Iida, K., Pierman, J., Tolaymat, T. M., et al. (2004) · Journal of Environmental Engineering · doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(2004)130:2(184 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Reconstituted particleboards from CCA-treated red pine utility poles
Jm, M., & Kamdem, D. P. (1998) · Forest Products Journal · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Helsen, L., & van den Bulck, E. (2003) · Environmental Engineering Science · doi:10.1089/109287503770736087 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationPohlandt, K., Strecker, M., & MARUTZKY, R. (1993) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/0045-6535(93)90338-6 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Entsorgung von mit Holzschutzmitteln behandelten Hölzern
MARUTZKY, R. (1990) · European Journal of Wood and Wood Products · doi:10.1007/bf02607847 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Increased PCDD/F formation in the bottom ash from fires of CCA-treated wood
Tame, N. W., Dlugogorski, B. Z., & Kennedy, E. M. (2003) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00767-1 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Wu, C., & Barton, T. (2001) · Environmental Engineering Science · doi:10.1089/109287501750281077 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
An industry evaluation of the reuse recycling, and reduction of spent CCA wood products.
Smith, R. L., & Shiau, R.-J. (1998) · Forest Products Journal · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Helsen, L., den Bulck, E. V., Cooreman, H., et al. (2003) · Journal of Environmental Monitoring · doi:10.1039/b300344b · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationFast analysis of inorganic wood preservatives using laser-induced plasma emission spectrometry
Morak, A., Unkroth, A., Sauerbrey, R. A., et al. (1999) · Field Analytical Chemistry & Technology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6521(1999)3:3 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Gan, S., Goh, Y. R., Clarkson, P. J., et al. (2003) · Combustion Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/00102200302366 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Disposal of CCA treated waste wood by combustion. An industrial scale trial
Nurmi, A. (1996) · Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Disposal of wood treated with preservatives: possibilities and problems.
MARUTZKY, R. (1990) · European Journal of Wood and Wood Products · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Fate of Arsenic After Fast Pyrolysis of Chromium‐Copper‐Arsenate (CCA) Treated Wood
Hata, T., Meier, D., Kajimoto, T., et al. (2001) · Progress in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion · doi:10.1002/9780470694954.ch115 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Schnellerkennung mit Teststreifen, immunologische Nachweisverfahren und Anfärbereagenzien
Buhr, A. (2000) · Publikationsdatenbank der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Emissions from the combustion of wood treated with organic and inorganic preservatives
Salthammer, T., Klipp, H., Peek, R.-D., et al. (1994) · Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 9
- Cooper, P.A., 1999. Future of wood preservation in Canada – disposal issues. Presented at the 20th Annual Canadian Wood Preservation Association (CWPA) Conference, Vancouver, BC.
- Cooper, P.A., 2003. A review of issues and technical options for managing spent CCA treated wood. Presented at American Wood Preservation Association (AWPA) Annual Meeting, Boston, MA.
- Kitamura, 2000, Behaviour of copper, chromium and arsenic during carbonization of CCA treated wood, Mokuzai Gakkaishi, 46, 587
- Kjerschow, E., 2002. Incineration of CCA wood waste in Norwegian Waste Incinerators. Presented at the Symposium Handling of Impregnated Waste Wood, Silkeborg, Denmark.
- Kristensen, O., 2002. Gasification of CCA impregnated wood. Presented at the Symposium Handling of Impregnated Waste Wood, Silkeborg, Denmark.
- Lagoutte A., Garnier A., 2001. Procédé de valorisation par gazéification des bois imprégnés réformés, Presented at the IRG Symposium Environment and Wood Preservation, Cannes-Mandelieu, France.
- Syrjanen, T., Kangas, E., 2001. Recycling of pressure impregnated timber and preservatives – incineration techniques. Presented at the IRG Symposium Environment and Wood Preservation, Cannes-Mandelieu, France.
- Vick, 1996, Flakeboards from recycled CCA treated southern pine lumber, Forest Products Journal, 46, 89
- Wu, 2000, Control of heavy metal emissions from incineration of CCA treated woods, Abstracts of papers of the American Chemical Society, 220, 34
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The fate of heavy metals during combustion and gasification of contaminated biomass—A brief review
Nzihou, A., & Stanmore, B. R. (2013) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.02.050 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Integrated phytobial remediation for sustainable management of arsenic in soil and water
Roy, M., Giri, A. K., Dutta, S., & Mukherjee, P. (2014) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2014.11.010 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
“Co-incineration on short term and low-temperature pyrolysis or high-temperature gasification on a longterm basis was suggested by Helsen and Bulck (2005) to treat CCA.”
BackgroundWang, L., Chen, S. S., Tsang, D. C. W., Poon, C. S., & Shih, K. (2016) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.07.180 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Sewage Sludge Carbonization for Biochar Applications. Fate of Heavy Metals
Wesenbeeck, S. V., Prins, W., Ronsse, F., & Antal, M. J. (2014) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/ef500875c · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Formation of dioxins and furans during combustion of treated wood
Tame, N. W., Dlugogorski, B. Z., & Kennedy, E. M. (2007) · Progress in Energy and Combustion Science · doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2007.01.001 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Kim, J.-Y., Oh, S., & Park, Y.-K. (2020) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121356 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Sustainability in Wood Products: A New Perspective for Handling Natural Diversity
Schubert, M., Panzarasa, G., & Burgert, I. (2022) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00360 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Steam gasification of tyre waste, poplar, and refuse-derived fuel: A comparative analysis
Galvagno, S., Casciaro, G., Casu, S., Martino, M., Mingazzini, C., Russo, A., & Portofino, S. (2008) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2008.06.003 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Lucchini, P., Quilliam, R. S., DeLuca, T. H., Vamerali, T., & Jones, D. L. (2013) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-013-2272-y · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Emissions of Chromium, Copper, Arsenic, and PCDDs/Fs from Open Burning of CCA-Treated Wood
Wasson, S. J., Linak, W. P., Gullett, B. K., et al. (2005) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es050891g · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Salem, M. Z. M., EL-Hefny, M., Ali, H. M., et al. (2021) · Microbial Pathogenesis · doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105107 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Leaching of heavy metals from chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood after disposal
Moghaddam, A. H., & Mulligan, C. N. (2007) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2007.03.009 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Jones, D. L., & Quilliam, R. S. (2014) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.05.053 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Environmental Impacts of Multi-Storey Buildings Using Different Construction Materials
John, S., Nebel, B., Pérez, N., & Buchanan, A. H. (2009) · UC Research Repository (University of Canterbury) · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Botomé, M. L., Poletto, P., Junges, J., Perondi, D., Dettmer, A., & Godinho, M. (2017) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2017.04.004 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Optimization of a chemical leaching process for decontamination of CCA-treated wood
Janin, A., Blais, J.-F., Mercier, G., & Drogui, P. (2009) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.03.064 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Chromated copper arsenate timber: A review of products, leachate studies and recycling
Mohajerani, A., Vajna, J., & Ellcock, R. (2018) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.01.111 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Xu, J., Li, R., Shi, Y., et al. (2022) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2021.103665 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Ignition and burning rates of segregated waste combustion in packed beds
Ryu, C., Phan, A. N., Yang, Y.-B., et al. (2006) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2006.04.013 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Understanding the pyrolysis of CCA-treated wood
Fu, Q., Argyropoulos, D. S., Tilotta, D. C., et al. (2007) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2007.08.003 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Waste-to-Energy through thermochemical processes: matching waste with process
Helsen, L., & Bosmans, A. (2010) · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationRemoval of arsenic from arsenate complex contained in secondary zinc oxide
Li, Y., Liu, Z., Li, Q., et al. (2011) · Hydrometallurgy · doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2011.07.007 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Helsen, L. (2005) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2005.01.025 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“In the frame of a study that aims at identifying the best available thermochemical conversion technology (pyrolysis, gasification or (co-)combustion) for CCA impregnated wood waste (Helsen and Van den Bulck, 2005), the literature is critically reviewed with respect to the * Tel.”
BackgroundSelf-citationMcMahon, V., Garg, A., Aldred, D., et al. (2008) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.01.031 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Cafiero, L., Castoldi, E., Tuffi, R., & Ciprioti, S. V. (2014) · Polymer Degradation and Stability · doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.08.001 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Alam, M., Alshehri, T., Wang, J., Singerling, S. A., Alpers, C. N., & Baalousha, M. (2022) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130608 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Altarawneh, M., Carrizo, D., Ziółkowski, A., et al. (2009) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.12.033 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Upgrading of Tannery Wastes under Fast and Slow Pyrolysis Conditions
Marcilla, A. F., León, M., García, A. N. J., Bañón, E., & Martínez, P. (2012) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research · doi:10.1021/ie201635w · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Huron, M., Oukala, S., Lardière, J., Giraud, N., & Dupont, C. (2017) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2017.04.025 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Kim, J.-Y., Kim, T.-S., Eom, I.-Y., Kang, S. M., Cho, T.-S., Choi, I. G., & Choi, J. W. (2012) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.05.052 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Hazards Resulting from the Burning Wood Impregnated with Selected Chemical Compounds
Rabajczyk, A., Zielecka, M., & Małozięć, D. (2020) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app10176093 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Influence of flooding, salinity and inundation time on the bioavailability of metals in wetlands
Speelmans, M., Vanthuyne, D., Lock, K., et al. (2007) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.07.041 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Ormondroyd, G. A., Spear, M. J., & Skinner, C. (2016) · Environmental footprints and eco-design of products and processes · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-0655-5_3 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Thermal behaviour of arsenic trioxide adsorbed on activated carbon
Cuypers, F., Dobbelaere, C. D., Hardy, A. T., et al. (2008) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.12.048 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationSolar photovoltaic wood racking mechanical design for trellis-based agrivoltaics
Jamil, U., Vandewetering, N., & Pearce, J. M. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0294682 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Modelling the hygrothermal behaviour of cement-bonded wood composite panels as permanent formwork
Li, M., Nicolas, V., Khelifa, M., Ganaoui, M. E., Fierro, V., & Celzard, A. (2019) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111784 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Robey, N. M., Solo-Gabriele, H. M., Jones, A. S., Marini, J., & Townsend, T. G. (2018) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.134 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Zimmermann, M. V. G., & Zattera, A. J. (2013) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2013.04.002 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Characterization of tanalith E treated wood flour filled polylactic acid composites
Dalu, M., Temiz, A., Altuntaş, E., Demirel, G. K., & Aslan, M. (2019) · Polymer Testing · doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2019.03.037 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Understanding the pyrolysis of CCA-treated wood
Fu, Q., Argyropoulos, D. S., Tilotta, D. C., & Lucia, L. A. (2008) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2008.02.007 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Can Plasma Surface Treatment Replace Traditional Wood Modification Methods?
Klébert, S., Mohai, M., & Csiszár, E. (2022) · Coatings · doi:10.3390/coatings12040487 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Removal copper, chromium and arsenic from CCA-treated yellow pine by oleic acid
Gezer, E. D., Yıldız, Ü. C., Yıldız, S., ̇zman, E. D., & Temiz, A. (2005) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.02.014 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Zhang, Z., Liu, J., Shen, F., et al. (2019) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121047 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Modelling drying processes: a reaction engineering approach
Chen, X. D., & Putranto, A. (2013) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Sánchez, J., Dax, D., Tapiero, Y., Xu, C., & Willför, S. M. (2021) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2021.656472 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Development of wood preservatives to prevent biodeterioration
Rajput, H., Rajan, P., Li, S., et al. (2023) · Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology · doi:10.1080/02773813.2023.2284161 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“[194,195]”
McMahon, V., Garg, A., Aldred, D., et al. (2008) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2008.02.025 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Reaction engineering approach I
Chen, X. D., & Putranto, A. (2013) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511997846.004 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Kinata, S. E., Loubar, K., Paraschiv, M., Bouslamti, A., Belloncle, C., & Tazerout, M. L. (2013) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2013.08.002 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Preparation of copper arsenite and its application in purification of copper electrolyte
Xiao, F., Zheng, Y., Wang, Y., et al. (2008) · Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China · doi:10.1016/s1003-6326(08)60084-9 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Cuypers, F., & Helsen, L. (2011) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2011.05.002 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationHattori, T., Hisamori, H., Suzuki, S., Umezawa, T., Yoshimura, T., & Sakai, H. (2015) · International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation · doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2014.11.011 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Co-conversion of wood and polyvinyl chloride to valuable chemicals and high-quality solid fuel
Chen, X., & Bai, X. (2022) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2022.04.018 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Modeling of high-temperature treatment of wood using the reaction engineering approach (REA)
Putranto, A., Chen, X. D., Xiao, Z., et al. (2011) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2011.02.053 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Coudert, L., Blais, J.-F., Mercier, G., Cooper, P., Gastonguay, L., Morris, P., Janin, A., & Reynier, N. (2013) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.07.035 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Helsen, L., & Hacala, A. (2006) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.04.041 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationKinata, S. E., Loubar, K., Paraschiv, M., Tazerout, M. L., & Belloncle, C. (2013) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.10.057 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Location model for CCA-treated wood waste remediation units using GIS and clustering methods
Gomes, H. I., Ribeiro, A. B., & Lobo, V. J. A. S. (2007) · Environmental Modelling & Software · doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2007.03.004 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Factors affecting sodium hypochlorite extraction of CCA from treated wood
Gezer, E. D., & Cooper, P. A. (2009) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2009.08.013 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Biological and chemical remediation of CCA treated eucalypt poles after 30 years in service
da Costa, L. G., Brocco, V. F., Paes, J. B., Kirker, G. T., & Bishell, A. B. (2021) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131629 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Rodolfo, A., & John, V. M. (2006) · Polímeros · doi:10.1590/s0104-14282006000100005 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Tanalith E 3494 impregnated wood: Characterisation and thermal behaviour
Helsen, L., Hardy, A. T., Bael, M. K. V., et al. (2006) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2006.06.001 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationFate of Cu, Cr, and As during the Combustion Stages of CCA-Treated Wood Fuel Particles
Lundholm, K., Rogers, J. M., Haynes, B. S., et al. (2008) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/ef700621y · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Influence of Intrinsic Properties of Lignocellulosic Feedstock on Adsorptive Properties of Biochar
Chemerys, V., & Baltrėnaitė, E. (2018) · Journal of Environmental Engineering · doi:10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0001420 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Zhu, Y. C., Xue, J., Cao, J., et al. (2017) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.04.072 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The Chartherm process, what’s in the name?
Helsen, L. (2008) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2008.10.015 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationDevelopments in the Recycling of Wood and Wood Fibre in the UK: A Review
Spear, M. J., Dimitriou, A., Curling, S. F., & Ormondroyd, G. A. (2025) · Fibers · doi:10.3390/fib13020023 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Influence of impregnation method on metal retention of CCB-treated wood in slow pyrolysis process
Kinata, S. E., Loubar, K., Bouslamti, A., Belloncle, C., & Tazerout, M. (2012) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.07.011 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
EL GÉNERO FÚNGICO Trichoderma Y SU RELACIÓN CON CONTAMINANTES ORGÁNICOS E INORGÁNICOS
Argumedo-Delira, R., Alarcón, A., Ferrera‐Cerrato, R., & Peña‐Cabriales, J. J. (2009) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Utilization of wood waste ash in green concrete production
Zhuge, Y., Duan, W., & Liu, Y. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-824050-2.00007-3 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Thermal analysis of oriental beech sawdust treated with some commercial wood preservatives
Baysal, E., Deveci, İ., Türkoğlu, T., et al. (2017) · Maderas Ciencia y tecnología · doi:10.4067/s0718-221x2017005000028 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Choi, Y., Kim, J., Kim, M.-J., Son, J., & Kim, G.-H. (2013) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.02.020 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
dos Santos, H. S., Ferrarini, S. F., Flores, F. Q., Pires, M., Azevedo, C. M. N., Coudert, L., & Blais, J. (2017) · Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management · doi:10.1007/s10163-017-0694-1 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Leachability of ACQ-D after three different preservative treatments
LIU, Z., Wen, L., WANG, X., et al. (2020) · Wood Research · doi:10.37763/wr.1336-4561/65.4.591604 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Remediation processes for wood treated with organic and/or inorganic preservatives
Coudert, L., Blais, J.-F., Mercier, G., Cooper, P., & Janin, A. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1533/9780857096906.4.526 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Gezer, E. D., & Cooper, P. A. (2015) · Journal of Forestry Research · doi:10.1007/s11676-015-0172-3 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Lopes, D. J. V., Stokes, C. E., & Bobadilha, G. D. S. (2018) · BioResources · doi:10.15376/biores.14.1.lopes · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Thus, technology to recover the extracted products is not yet commercially feasible (Helsen and Van Den Bulck 2005).”
BackgroundInfluentialElimination of arsenic-containing emissions from gasification of chromated copper arsenate wood
Kramb, J., Konttinen, J., Backman, R., et al. (2016) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2016.04.109 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Putranto, A., & Chen, X. D. (2013) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research · doi:10.1021/ie4000689 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Why simulate a sample of recycled wood?
Bouslamti, A., Irle, M., Belloncle, C., et al. (2012) · Maderas Ciencia y tecnología · doi:10.4067/s0718-221x2012000200002 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Antagonistic Properties and Screening of Bacillus Velezensis Nhw-B72 against Wood Fungal Decay
Huang, C., Xu, G., Wang, L., et al. (2021) · Forests · doi:10.3390/f12060785 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Chemical analysis of CCA-C treated wood residues, charcoal and wood tar
Euflosino, A. E. R., Paes, J. B., da Rosa, A. B., Arantes, M. D. C., Gonçalves, F. G., da Costa, A. F., & Maffioletti, F. D. (2022) · Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology · doi:10.1080/02773813.2022.2114497 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Rules of Thumb (Empirical Rules) for the Biomass Utilization by Thermochemical Conversion
Antal, M. J., Helsen, L., Kouzu, M., et al. (2014) · Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy · doi:10.3775/jie.93.684 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationPRESERVATIVE TREATED TIMBER PRODUCTS IN NEW ZEALAND
Altaner, C. M. (2022) · Cellulose Chemistry and Technology · doi:10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2022.56.62 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Isosaari, P., Marjavaara, P., & Lehmus, E. (2010) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.06.128 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Potentials of Liquefied CCB Treated Waste Wood for Wood Preservation
Humar, M., Budija, F., Hrastnik, D., et al. (2011) · Drvna industrija · doi:10.5552/drind.2011.1110 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
A Chemical Stain for Identifying Arsenic‐Treated Wood Products
Omae, A., Solo‐Gabriele, H. M., & Townsend, T. G. (2007) · Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology · doi:10.1080/02773810701700836 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Kinata, S. E., Loubar, K., Paraschiv, M., Belloncle, C., & Tazerout, M. L. (2012) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.017 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Influence of liquefied and CCB containing liquefied wood on growth of wood decay fungi
Hrastnik, D., Budija, F., Humar, M., et al. (2014) · Maderas Ciencia y tecnología · doi:10.4067/s0718-221x2013005000010 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Analysis of Combustion Emissions and Char from CCA- and ACQ-Treated Wood
Lin, H. C., Ouchi, T., & Murase, Y. (2007) · Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University · doi:10.5109/9288 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Nelson, J., Pickering, K. L., & Beg, M. D. H. (2023) · Journal of Composites Science · doi:10.3390/jcs7020048 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Release behavior of arsenic, chromium, and copper during heat treatments of CCA-treated wood
Kato, T., Hatakeyama, T., & Sugawara, K. (2021) · Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management · doi:10.1007/s10163-021-01246-z · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Agglomeration of Metals During Pyrolysis of Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA) Treated Wood Waste
Kemiha, M., Nzihou, A., & David Mateos (2008) · High Temperature Materials and Processes · doi:10.1515/htmp.2008.27.5.361 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Alam, M., Singerling, S. A., Erfani, M., Alpers, C. N., & Baalousha, M. (2025) · Environmental Science Nano · doi:10.1039/d4en01142b · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Use of Recycled Pulped Chromated Copper Arsenate-Treated Wood Fibre in Polymer Composites
Peerbooms, W., & Pickering, K. L. (2018) · Journal of Composites Science · doi:10.3390/jcs2020035 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Junges, J., Perondi, D., Ferreira, S. D., Dettmer, A., Osório, E., & Godinho, M. (2018) · European Journal of Wood and Wood Products · doi:10.1007/s00107-018-1374-0 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Tsunami and Environmental Pollution Hazards: A Note for the Restoration Process
Santiago-Fandiño, V., & Kim, M. H. (2014) · Advances in natural and technological hazards research · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-10202-3_17 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Bosmans, A., Auweele, M. V., Govaerts, J., & Helsen, L. (2010) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2010.12.001 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationSchultz, E., & Joutti, A. (2007) · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Helsen, L., & Van den Bulck, E.
- Affiliations
- KU Leuven (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Helsen, Lieve
- ORCID
- Helsen, Lieve
- Venue
- Environmental Pollution
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-03
- Volume
- 134
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 301-314
- ISSN
- 0269-7491 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1977696200
- Semantic Scholar
- 12773268ee92e926065bb9b534e606881be12626
- Cited by
- 132
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 17.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Environmental Pollution (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lirias (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- Vlaamse regering
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Recycling and Waste Management Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Arsenic contamination and mitigation
- Keywords
- chromated copper arsenate, CCA-treated wood, wood waste disposal, thermochemical conversion, thermal destruction, co-combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, PCDD/F formation, electrodialytic remediation, bioremediation, chemical extraction, recycling and recovery
- MeSH terms
- Air Pollutants, Arsenates, Arsenic, Biodegradation, Environmental, Chromium, Conservation of Natural Resources, Copper, Hazardous Waste, Hot Temperature, Industrial Waste, Refuse Disposal, Technology, Wood, Incineration
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review