Calcium-pyro-hydrochar derived from the spent mushroom substrate as a functional sorbent of Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ from aqueous solutions
Abstract
A calcium-pyro-hydrochar (Ca-PHC) can be distinguished as a novel sorbent of Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ from an aqueous solution. It was obtained using hydrothermal treatment of the spent mushroom substrate (SMS), followed by a CaCl 2 ·5H 2 O activation and pyrolysis. The characterisation of chars before and after modifications was done by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Batch experiments were performed to examine Ca-PHC’s sorption properties and binding mechanisms to selected metal ions. The maximum sorption capacities of Ca-PHC for Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ were 297 mg g −1 , and 131 mg g −1 , respectively. The obtained results demonstrated that the sorption of Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ by Ca-PHC follows a pseudo-second kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm. The binding of the selected metals onto Ca-PHC was enabled by the ion-exchange mechanism, surface complexation, mineral precipitation and cation–π interaction. Thermodynamic parameters indicate that metal ions binding by Ca-PHC are spontaneous and endothermic. Due to the high adsorption capacities, the obtained Ca-PHC has good potential for application in industrial wastewater treatment. In addition, the demonstrated use of SMS highlights another possibility of applying this specific biomass relevant to sustainable and economical waste management in the growing mushroom industry.
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Ca-enriched pyro-hydrochar from spent mushroom substrate had maximum sorption capacities of 297 mg/g for Pb(II) and 131 mg/g for Cd(II) based on the Freundlich isotherm.
“Based on the Freundlich isotherm model, the maximum sorption capacities were 297 mg/g for Pb(II) and 131 mg/g for Cd(II) [56].”
From Algal-Based Carbonaceous Materials for Environmental Remediation: Advances in Wastewater Treatment, Carbon Sequestration, and Biofuel Applications (2025) · cites this paper as [56]
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- Authors
- Kojić, M., Mihajlović, M., Marinović-Cincović, M., Petrović, J., Katnić, Đ., Krstić, A., Butulija, S., & Onjia, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Belgrade (RS)
- Institute for Technology of Nuclear and other Mineral Raw Materials (RS)
- Corresponding author
- Kojić, Marija
- Mihajlović, Marija
- ORCID
- Venue
- Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2022-04-27
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1629-1636
- ISSN
- 0734-242X (ISSN-L)
- 1096-3669
- OpenAlex
- W4224952723
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 0.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Waste Management & Research The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- TechnoRep (University of Belgrade – Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy) (submittedVersion)
- RITNMS - Repository of the Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials (submittedVersion)
- VinaR (Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinča") (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Environmental remediation with nanomaterials
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Heavy metals in environment
- Keywords
- spent mushroom substrate, lead removal, cadmium removal, heavy metal adsorption, biosorbent, hydrothermal treatment, pyrolysis, ion exchange, surface complexation, cation-π interactions, mineral precipitation, adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms, adsorption thermodynamics, wastewater treatment, biomass valorization
- MeSH terms
- Adsorption, Agaricales, Cadmium, Calcium, Calcium Chloride, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Kinetics, Lead, Solutions, Water, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
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