The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Perspective Transformation
Abstract
A cardinal dimension of adult development and the learning most uniquely adult pertains to becoming aware that one is caught in one's own history and is reliving it. This leads to a process of perspective transforma tion involving a structural change in the way we see ourselves and our rela tionships. If the culture permits, we move toward perspectives which are more inclusive, discriminating and integrative of experience. We move away from uncritical, organic relationships toward contractual relation ships with others, institutions and society. Perspective transformation refor mulates the criteria for valuing and for taking action. Behavior change is often a function of such transformation. In this emerging transformation theory, adult education finds its own inherent goals and functions.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Transformative learning theory explores the way in which critical reflection can be used to challenge the learner's beliefs and assumptions (Mezirow 1978(Mezirow , 1990(Mezirow , 1995) )”
From Adult learning theories: Implications for learning and teaching in medical education: AMEE Guide No. 83 (2013) · cites this paper as Mezirow 1978
In the citing paper
“Perspective transformation theory (Mezirow 1978) is most appropriate for acquiring these competencies.”
From Adult learning theories: Implications for learning and teaching in medical education: AMEE Guide No. 83 (2013) · cites this paper as Mezirow 1978
Citations
Cites
Still being checked.
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Bruner, Jerome S., 1973, The Relevance of Education
- Camus, Albert., 1955, The Myth of Sysyphus
- Freire, Paulo., 1970, Pedagogy of the Oppressed
- Laing, R.D., 1969, Knots
- Singer, Irwin, 1965, Review of Existential Psychology and Psychiatry, 5, 140
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–800 of 1,001
Kang, D. J., & Cho, S. (2017) · Asia Pacific Education Review · doi:10.1007/s12564-017-9481-x · Cited by 5
Goulet, C., & Tschoepe, B. A. (2018) · Journal of Physical Therapy Education · doi:10.1097/jte.0000000000000051 · Cited by 5
Learning for Work From the Past, in the Present, and Into the Future?
van Dellen, T. (2018) · Studia paedagogica · doi:10.5817/sp2018-2-2 · Cited by 5
Empty Curriculum, Empty Mind: Teaching Mindfulness with Military Veterans
Uebel, M. (2019) · Journal of Humanistic Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022167819834737 · Cited by 5
Vzdělání k udržitelné spotřebě a životnímu stylu – cíle a výstupy
Dlouhá, J., Henderson, L., Kroufek, R., Jančaříková, K., & Neprašová, S. (2021) · Envigogika · doi:10.14712/18023061.619 · Cited by 5
ATEE Spring Conference 2020-2021
Ranieri, M., Menichetti, L., Cuomo, S., Parmigiani, D., & Pellegrini, M. (2021) · Proceedings e report · doi:10.36253/978-88-5518-412-0 · Cited by 5
ICTs for Learning in the Field of Rural Communication
Lie, R., & Witteveen, L. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-2014-3_89 · Cited by 5
Reaching “Creating” in Bloom's Taxonomy
Halupa, C. M. (2020) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-3022-1.ch002 · Cited by 5
Cultivating solidarity for action on social justice in engineering
Carroll, T., Gordon, B., Hancock, P. I., Stenger, K., & Turner, S. S. (2022) · International Journal of Engineering Social Justice and Peace · doi:10.24908/ijesjp.v9i1.15216 · Cited by 5
Emerging insights in transformative learning
Baldwin, C. K. (2023) · New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education · doi:10.1002/ace.20479 · Cited by 5
From Research to Praxis: Empowering Trinidadian Primary School Teachers via Action Research
Bissessar, C. S. (2015) · The Australian journal of teacher education · doi:10.14221/ajte.2015v40n9.10 · Cited by 5
Worldview Construction and Adult Education
McKenzie, L. (1987) · Adult Education Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0001848187037004005 · Cited by 5
Apport des études genre à l'éducation et à la formation des adultes
Solar, C. (2010) · Savoirs · doi:10.3917/savo.022.0053 · Cited by 5
Norris, J. R. (2002) · Nursing Science Quarterly · doi:10.1177/08943180222108804 · Cited by 5
Problematic Commonalities of Bildung and Transformative Learning
Nohl, A. (2017) · SensePublishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-6300-797-9_8 · Cited by 5
When the Case Creates a Competitive Advantage
Talukdar, M. R. I. (2020) · Asian Case Research Journal · doi:10.1142/s0218927520500042 · Cited by 5
Adult development and adult learning styles: The message for nontraditional graduate programs
Tarule, J. M., & Weathersby, R. P. (1979) · Alternative Higher Education · doi:10.1007/bf01079244 · Cited by 5
Can Community Colleges Provide the Training for Educators of Adults?
Saul, J. R. (1990) · Community College Review · doi:10.1177/009155219001800309 · Cited by 5
Transformative Responses to Sustainability
Salonen, A. O. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-63951-2_501-1 · Cited by 5
Can Self-Understanding Foster Feelings of Professional Responsibility among Planning Students?
McSorley, M., Webb, D., Williams, K. E., Lyles, W., & Botchwey, N. D. (2025) · Journal of Planning Education and Research · doi:10.1177/0739456x251367378 · Cited by 4
Wekesser, M., Costa, G. H., Pasik, P. J., & Erickson, K. T. (2023) · Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly · doi:10.1123/apaq.2022-0046 · Cited by 4
McCormack, Z., Kerr, A., Simpson, A., Keating, D., & Strawbridge, J. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078130 · Cited by 5
Dwyer, C. P., & Seery, N. (2024) · Thinking Skills and Creativity · doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2024.101681 · Cited by 4
Junges, V. D. C., de Campos, S. A. P., Gallon, S., & Becker, R. G. (2024) · International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education · doi:10.1108/ijshe-10-2023-0492 · Cited by 4
Kong, S. C., Lai, M., Li, Y., Chan, T.-Y. D., & Zhang, Y. T. (2025) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2025.105281 · Cited by 5
Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung: Kontroversen und Debatten
Kminek, H., Ruckelhauß, T., Singer‐Brodowski, M., & Weselek, J. (2025) · Verlag Barbara Budrich eBooks · doi:10.2307/jj.27775877 · Cited by 4
Itzhak, I., & Fuchs, G. (2025) · Tourism Recreation Research · doi:10.1080/02508281.2025.2509842 · Cited by 5
Fang, C., Duan, K., Lv, Z., Huang, J., Zhong, Q., Chen, J., & Long, D. (2025) · Environmental Modelling & Software · doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2025.106566 · Cited by 5
Crowell, J. K., & Bellody, K. (2026) · International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education · doi:10.1108/ijshe-12-2024-0874 · Cited by 4
Agricultural living labs: bridging theory and practice through transformative learning
Bonatti, M., Ollendorf, F., Schröter, B., Baldivieso, C., Medina, L., Bellingrath‐Kimura, S. D., Piquer-Rodríguez, M., Busse, M., Matzdorf, B., Helming, K., et al. (2026) · The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension · doi:10.1080/1389224x.2026.2640924 · Cited by 4
Active Learning Network (2022) · doi:10.20919/opxr1032 · Cited by 6
Addressing Hostile Attitudes in and through Education—Transformative Ideas from Finnish Youth
Benjamin, S., Koirikivi, P., Gearon, L., & Kuusisto, A. (2022) · Youth · doi:10.3390/youth2040040 · Cited by 4
Mirivel, J. C., Thombre, A., ten Bensel, T., Leach, K. A., & Wood, B. D. K. (2023) · American Journal of Qualitative Research · doi:10.29333/ajqr/13115 · Cited by 4
Fossland, T. (2023) · Journal of Praxis in Higher Education · doi:10.47989/kpdc429 · Cited by 4
A Novel ArUco Marker for Event Cameras
Huang, Y., Hou, T., Zhang, S., Pei, X., Yu, R., & Liu, H. (2023) · International Conference on Frontiers of Robotics and Software Engineering (FRSE) · doi:10.1109/frse58934.2023.00044 · Cited by 4
Pasechnik, A., & Kharkhurin, A. V. (2024) · Journal of Constructivist Psychology · doi:10.1080/10720537.2024.2388037 · Cited by 5
The year I found my voice: Transforming self-confidence through a women’s leadership programme
Herbst, T. H. H., Roux, T., & Naidoo, V. (2024) · Transformation in Higher Education · doi:10.4102/the.v9i0.438 · Cited by 4
Jagals, D., TONDER, D. V., Grösser, M., van Deventer, N., Bunt, B. J., Roux, A., Kloppers, M., Bunt, L., Stack, M., Ragvan, V., et al. (2025) · NWU self-directed learning series · doi:10.4102/aosis.2024.bk484 · Cited by 4
A BOX-YOLOv8 framework for automated hyperspectral core analysis
Zhu, H., Li, A., Lin, C., Qin, S., Xie, J., Chai, J. J. K., Rogers, R., & Xu, J. (2025) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117325 · Cited by 4
Joshi, V. (2025) · Journal of Transformative Education · doi:10.1177/15413446251352377 · Cited by 4
The Paradox of Transformative Learning Among Mid-Career Professionals
Agger-Gupta, N., & Etmanski, C. (2014) · International Journal of Adult Vocational Education and Technology · doi:10.4018/ijavet.2014010104 · Cited by 4
Creative chaos: learning from the Yugoslavian war
Roberson, D. N. (2010) · Studies in Continuing Education · doi:10.1080/0158037x.2010.488354 · Cited by 4
ICTs for Learning in the Field of Rural Communication
Lie, R., & Witteveen, L. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-7035-8_89-1 · Cited by 4
Grayman, N. A., Doucet, F., & Burgos-López, L. (2019) · Journal of Transformative Education · doi:10.1177/1541344618821053 · Cited by 5
Table Recognition for Sensitive Data Perception in an IoT Vision Environment
Zhang, J., Xie, Y., Liu, W., & Gong, X. (2019) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app9194162 · Cited by 4
A Fish Out Of Water: Developing Intercultural Understanding Of Students In Higher Education
Leggett, N. (2019) · The Australian journal of teacher education · doi:10.14221/ajte.202v45n12.3 · Cited by 4
Hunziker, R., & Hofstetter, T. (2020) · Mountain Research and Development · doi:10.1659/mrd-journal-d-20-00027.1 · Cited by 4
Oppi, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Sustainable Cities · doi:10.3389/frsc.2021.663234 · Cited by 4
The Pulse of Freedom and Transformative Learning: Winding Paths, Blind Alleys, and New Horizons
Finnegan, F. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-84694-7_4 · Cited by 4
Fostering Reorienting Connections via Ecological Practices
Hathaway, M. D. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-84694-7_16 · Cited by 4
Transformative Learning and Sociomateriality
Melacarne, C., & Fabbri, L. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-84694-7_10 · Cited by 4
Bridging the gaps in information systems: a threshold concepts and troublesome knowledge perspective
Clohessy, T., & English, M. (2022) · Irish Educational Studies · doi:10.1080/03323315.2022.2061560 · Cited by 7
Reimaging Cybersecurity in Educational Practices
Simon, N., Jiménez, J. L., & Strocchia, D. (2023) · Advances in educational technologies and instructional design book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-6092-4.ch001 · Cited by 4
Transformative Learning Transforming Research
Fleming, T. (2024) · European Journal for Research on the Education and Learning of Adults · doi:10.3384/rela.2000-7426.4841 · Cited by 4
TRANSFORMATIVE LEARNING IN ONLINE COLLEGE COURSES: PROCESS AND EVIDENCE
King, J. (2018) · International journal on innovations in online education · doi:10.1615/intjinnovonlineedu.2018028557 · Cited by 4
Can Global Leadership Be Taught Online?
Mendenhall, M. E. (2018) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s1535-120320180000011007 · Cited by 4
Continuity and Discontinuity in Learning Careers
Sevilla, C. A. D. I. L. C. P. F. A. L. S. I. A. C. W. (. 2., Merrill, B., Galimberti, A., Nizinska, A., & Monteagudo, J. G. (2018) · BRILL eBooks · doi:10.1163/9789004375475 · Cited by 4
The Space Between: Transformative Learning and Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management
Smith‐Miller, C. A., Berry, D. C., & Miller, C. T. (2019) · Hispanic Health Care International · doi:10.1177/1540415319888435 · Cited by 4
Jürgen Habermas (1929–): The Importance of Higher Education for Democracy
Fleming, T. (2020) · Debating higher education: philosophical perspectives · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-31061-5_15 · Cited by 4
Harré, N., Azizi, A., Brothers, P., Coomber, T., King, E., Mead, A., Saeckel, S., Vallée, M., Yeo, S. Z. L., & Zhang, Y. (2020) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s2055-364120200000018025 · Cited by 4
A Concept Analysis of the Properties and Conditions of Transformation
Ross, S. L. (2020) · Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal · doi:10.14738/assrj.75.8344 · Cited by 4
Role of Transformative Learning in Developing Global Mindedness in an EFL Literature Studies Context
Kaowiwattanakul, S. (2020) · The Journal of AsiaTEFL · doi:10.18823/asiatefl.2020.17.2.13.508 · Cited by 4
Transformative Pedagogy and Student Voice
Vengadasalam, S. S. (2020) · Journal of Effective Teaching in Higher Education · doi:10.36021/jethe.v3i2.95 · Cited by 4
Acosta, S. T., Liu, J., Goodson, P., Goltz, H. H., & Chen, T. (2022) · Studying Teacher Education · doi:10.1080/17425964.2022.2158456 · Cited by 4
Learning by doing migration: temporal dimensions of life course transitions
Bernhard, M. (2023) · Studies in Continuing Education · doi:10.1080/0158037x.2023.2223131 · Cited by 4
Spais, G. S. (2010) · Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) · doi:10.19030/jabr.v26i2.283 · Cited by 4
Persuasion as ethical argument
Hashimoto, I. Y. (1985) · Rhetoric Review · doi:10.1080/07350198509359104 · Cited by 4
“To remain working for the People” : Ojibwe Women in an Indigenous Teacher Education Program
Freeman, K. (2008) · Encounters in Theory and History of Education · doi:10.15572/enco2008.09 · Cited by 4
The Adoption and Adaptation of the Work-Team Concept in Urban Thai Workplaces
Burapharat, C. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-5281-1_44 · Cited by 4
Multicultural Professional Development for African American Teachers
McAllister, G. (2002) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1057/9780230107182_2 · Cited by 4
Martinez, T., Penner-Williams, J., Herrera, S., & Rodríguez, D. (2011) · Educational Considerations · doi:10.4148/0146-9282.1128 · Cited by 4
The Transformative Learning Experiences of Southern California Church-based Small Group Members
Mikaelian, M. (2018) · Christian Education Journal Research on Educational Ministry · doi:10.1177/0739891318784307 · Cited by 4
Seeds and Stories of Transformation From the Individual to the Collective
Etmanski, C. (2017) · Journal of Transformative Education · doi:10.1177/1541344617696973 · Cited by 4
Coming to Appreciate Diversity: Ontological Change Through Student–Student Relationships
Sohn, B. K. (2020) · Journal of Transformative Education · doi:10.1177/1541344620940811 · Cited by 4
The Impact of Personal and Professional Experiences: Holistic Exploration of Teacher Identity
Bukor, E. (2013) · Working papers in language pedagogy · doi:10.61425/wplp.2013.07.48.73 · Cited by 4
Transformative Learning and AVE for Social Sustainability
Cranton, P. A. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8964-0_7 · Cited by 4
Avis, J. P. (1987) · Counselor Education and Supervision · doi:10.1002/j.1556-6978.1987.tb00736.x · Cited by 4
Nurturing High Expectations: Living a Well-Lived Curriculum on a Humanistic Perspective
Budiraharjo, M. (2015) · LLT Journal A Journal on Language and Language Teaching · doi:10.24071/llt.2015.180105 · Cited by 4
Developing Cultural Competence
Smith, E. C. (2021) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-5345-9.ch013 · Cited by 4
Smith‐Isabell, N. (2012) · doi:10.18297/etd/1353 · Cited by 4
Exploring masculinity with male medical students
Johnson, M. H. (2001) · Sexual & Relationship Therapy · doi:10.1080/14681990120040087 · Cited by 4
Confronting the pedagogical issues
Haughey, M. (1991) · Open Learning The Journal of Open Distance and e-Learning · doi:10.1080/0268051910060303 · Cited by 4
The subject‐person of adult education in the crisis of modernity
Finger, M. (1990) · Studies in Continuing Education · doi:10.1080/0158037900120103 · Cited by 4
Principals' Perceptions Of Professional Development: Options That Support Effective Leadership
Geren, L. L. (2016) · ISU Red - Research and eData (Illinois State University) · doi:10.30707/etd2016.geren.l · Cited by 4
Sukhera (2018) · doi:10.26481/dis.20181129js · Cited by 4
Service-Learning and Sustainability Education
Wall, T. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-63951-2_227-1 · Cited by 4
Ethical Horizons in AI-Driven Educational Research
Aboudahr, S. M. F. M., Benlahcene, A., & Govindarajoo, M. V. (2025) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-7332-3.ch018 · Cited by 3
Cho, M. (2025) · Environmental Education Research · doi:10.1080/13504622.2025.2479833 · Cited by 3
Yenisoy, İ., & Tatar, S. (2025) · European Journal of Education · doi:10.1111/ejed.70095 · Cited by 3
Martel, J. (2025) · Journal of Transformative Education · doi:10.1177/15413446251362796 · Cited by 3
Transformative learning reconceptualized: Integrating reading literature and social imagination
Fleming, T. (2025) · International Journal of Lifelong Education · doi:10.1080/02601370.2025.2577202 · Cited by 3
Wong, M. M. K. K. (2025) · International Journal of Conflict Management · doi:10.1108/ijcma-04-2025-0132 · Cited by 3
de Mello, S. F., Bittencourt, B. A., da Silva, L. M., Freischlag, B. L. A., & Pontin, P. Z. (2026) · Innovations in Education and Teaching International · doi:10.1080/14703297.2026.2632140 · Cited by 3
Doctoral Supervision as Pedagogy
Jackson, D. W., Davidson, P. M., & Usher, K. J. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-87946-4_2 · Cited by 3
NATURE-BASED LEARNING AND DIGITAL COMPETENCIES IN EARLY YEARS EDUCATION
GENÇTEN, V. Y., Aydemir, F., & Gültekin, M. (2022) · Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi · doi:10.30783/nevsosbilen.1123453 · Cited by 3
Short-term Transformative Impacts of a Service-learning Study Abroad Program
Garbers, C. C., Pracht, D., & Roberts, T. G. (2024) · Journal of Human Sciences and Extension · doi:10.55533/2325-5226.1441 · Cited by 3
Dobrich, E. (2024) · International Journal for Talent Development and Creativity · doi:10.7202/1115469ar · Cited by 3
The Outreach Experiences of Occupational Therapy Students: An Opportunity for Transformation
Ramirez, R. D., & VanPuymbrouck, L. H. (2025) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.2025.050904 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Mezirow, J.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mezirow, Jack
- Venue
- Adult Education
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1978-01
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 100-110
- ISSN
- 0001-8481 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4238999211
- Cited by
- 1,463
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 90 · 2025: 142 · 2024: 109 · 2023: 119 · 2022: 144 · 2021: 99 · 2020: 115 · 2019: 110 · 2018: 76 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 24.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Adult Education (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Adult and Continuing Education Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Ego Development and Educational Practices
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Keywords
- homography, adult development, adult learning, self-awareness, history and identity, relational change, behavior change, transformation theory
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review