Cited by 279Diet and metabolism studiesAutism Spectrum Disorder ResearchChild Nutrition and Feeding Issues

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Application of a Ketogenic Diet in Children With Autistic Behavior: Pilot Study

Evangeliou, Athanasios, Vlachonikolis, Ioannis, Mihailidou, Helen, Spilioti, Martha, Skarpalezou, Astrinia, Makaronas, Nikolaos, Prokopiou, Ahilleas, Christodoulou, Panagiotis, Liapi-Adamidou, Georgia, Helidonis, Emmanouel, Sbyrakis, Stylianos, Smeitink, Jan·2003·Journal of Child Neurology

DOI 10.1177/08830738030180020501

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Abstract

A pilot prospective follow-up study of the role of the ketogenic diet was carried out on 30 children, aged between 4 and 10 years, with autistic behavior. The diet was applied for 6 months, with continuous administration for 4 weeks, interrupted by 2-week diet-free intervals. Seven patients could not tolerate the diet, whereas five other patients adhered to the diet for 1 to 2 months and then discontinued it. Of the remaining group who adhered to the diet, 18 of 30 children (60%), improvement was recorded in several parameters and in accordance with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. Significant improvement (> 12 units of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale) was recorded in two patients (pre-Scale: 35.00 +/- 1.41[mean +/- SD]), average improvement (> 8-12 units) in eight patients (pre-Scale: 41.88 +/- 3.14[mean +/- SD]), and minor improvement (2-8 units) in eight patients (pre-Scale: 45.25 +/- 2.76 [mean +/- SD]). Although these data are very preliminary, there is some evidence that the ketogenic diet may be used in autistic behavior as an additional or alternative therapy.

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Authors: Evangeliou, A., Vlachonikolis, I., Mihailidou, H., Spilioti, M., Skarpalezou, A., Makaronas, N., Prokopiou, A., Christodoulou, P., Liapi-Adamidou, G., Helidonis, E., Sbyrakis, S., & Smeitink, J.
Affiliations: University of Crete (GR)
Children's Hospital Agia Sophia (GR)
Center of Mental Health, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
Center of Mental Health, Chania, Crete, Greece
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Corresponding author: Evangeliou, Athanasios
ORCID: Evangeliou, Athanasios
Spilioti, Martha
Smeitink, Jan
Venue: Journal of Child Neurology
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2003-02
Volume: 18
Issue: 2
Pages: 113-118
ISSN: 0883-0738 (ISSN-L)
1708-8283
DOI: 10.1177/08830738030180020501
OpenAlex: W1966556786
Cited by: 279
References: 28
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 5
FWCI: 1.58
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Child Neurology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Diet and metabolism studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
Keywords: ketogenic diet, autism spectrum disorder, autistic behavior, dietary therapy, Childhood Autism Rating Scale, dietary adherence, children, complementary and alternative medicine
MeSH terms: Autistic Disorder, Child, Child, Preschool, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Proteins, Female, Humans, Ketone Bodies, Male, Pilot Projects, Severity of Illness Index, Treatment Outcome

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Application of a Ketogenic Diet in Children With Autistic Behavior: Pilot Study

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