Police-Resident Interactions and Satisfaction With Police: An Empirical Test of Community Policing Assertions
Abstract
There have been several studies that report a positive correlation between police resident interaction and resident satisfaction with the police and that community policing can substantially lower resident fear of crime. However, these studies failed to control for levels of community solidarity. This study uses ordinary least squares regression to predict levels of satisfaction with local police among residents of a small neighborhood in western South Carolina. Once levels of community solidarity were accounted for, positive interactions between residents and the police did not influence resident perceptions of police effectiveness. Conversely, the visible presence of officers in the neighborhood improved the residents’ opinions of the police.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Prior research designs have not leveraged the random assignment of police-public contact to identify the causal effect of such interactions on individual-level attitudes toward the police.
“prior research designs have not leveraged the random assignment of police–public contact to identify the causal effect of such interactions on individual-level attitudes toward the police (12–14).”
From A field experiment on community policing and police legitimacy (2019) · cites this paper as [12]
Cites
Neighborhoods and Violent Crime: A Multilevel Study of Collective Efficacy
Sampson, R. J., Raudenbush, S. W., & Earls, F. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.277.5328.918 · Cited by 11,999 · see citing works
American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass.
Fernandez, R. M., Massey, D. S., & Denton, N. A. (1993) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2074502 · Cited by 6,191 · see citing works
Tyler, T. R. (2006) · doi:10.1515/9781400828609 · Cited by 5,156 · see citing works
Community Structure and Crime: Testing Social-Disorganization Theory
Sampson, R. J., & Groves, W. B. (1989) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/229068 · Cited by 4,392 · see citing works
Crime, Shame and Reintegration
Braithwaite, J. (1989) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511804618 · Cited by 4,153 · see citing works
THE SYMBOLIC CONSTRUCTION OF COMMUNITY
Cohen, A. P. (1985) · Taylor & Francis eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203323373 · Cited by 2,358 · see citing works
– The Symbolic Construction of Community
Cohen, A. P. (2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203131688-7 · Cited by 1,841 · see citing works
(1982) · The Atlantic · Cited by 1,800 · see citing works
Community Attachment in Mass Society
Kasarda, J. D., & Janowitz, M. (1974) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2094293 · Cited by 1,754 · see citing works
American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass
Massey, D. S., & Denton, N. A. (2018) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780429499821-27 · Cited by 1,753 · see citing works
Disorder and decline: crime and the spiral of decay in American neighborhoods
(1991) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.28-3588 · Cited by 1,355 · see citing works
Sense of community in the urban environment: A catalyst for participation and community development
Chavis, D. M., & Wandersman, A. H. (1990) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf00922689 · Cited by 1,116 · see citing works
Preventing Crime: What Works, What Doesn't, What's Promising
Sherman, L. W., Gottfredson, D. C., MacKenzie, D. L., Eck, J. E., Reuter, P., & Bushway, S. D. (1998) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e520902006-001 · Cited by 1,113 · see citing works
Varieties of Police Behavior: The Management of Law and Order in Eight Communities
Wilson, J. Q. (1968) · doi:10.4159/9780674045200 · Cited by 1,076 · see citing works
Neighborhoods and Crime: The Dimensions of Effective Community Control
Sherman, L., Bursik, R., & Grasmick, H. G. (2002) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2074915 · Cited by 870 · see citing works
Varieties of Police Behavior: The Management of Law and Order in Eight Communities
Chaiken, J. M., & Wilson, J. Q. (1969) · The Journal of Criminal Law Criminology and Police Science · doi:10.2307/1142015 · Cited by 579 · see citing works
Community Policing Chicago Style
Skogan, W. G., & Hartnett, S. M. (1997) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195105605.001.0001 · Cited by 557 · see citing works
Community policing : rhetoric or reality
Greene, J. R., & Mastrofski, S. D. (1991) · Praeger eBooks · Cited by 554 · see citing works
Community Policing, Chicago Style
Skolnick, J. H., Skogan, W. G., & Hartnett, S. M. (1997) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2654535 · Cited by 502 · see citing works
Critical Issues in Policing: Contemporary Readings
McLean, K. D., Alpert, G. P., & Dunham, R. G. (1993) · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Conceptualizing Social Identity: A New Framework and Evidence for the Impact of Different Dimensions
Jackson, J. W., & Smith, E. R. (1999) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167299025001010 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Compliance on Demand: The Public's Response to Specific Police Requests
MASTROFSKI, S. D., SNIPES, J. B., & SUPINA, A. E. (1996) · Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency · doi:10.1177/0022427896033003001 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Sense of community and its relevance to adolescents of all ages
Pretty, G. M. H., Conroy, C., Dugay, J., Fowler, K., & Williams, D. (1996) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6629(199610)24:4 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Rosenblum, S., & Louis, K. S. (1981) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-3234-3 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
A Reexamination of the Crime-Fear Linkage
Rountree, P. W. (1998) · Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency · doi:10.1177/0022427898035003005 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Toward Community-Oriented Policing: Potential, Basic Requirements, and Threshold Questions
Goldstein, H. (1987) · Crime & Delinquency · doi:10.1177/0011128787033001002 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
The Challenge of Community Policing: Testing the Promises
Rosenbaum, D. P. (1994) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781483327006 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Coping with a Community Stressor: The Threat of a Hazardous Waste Facility
Bachrach, K. M., & Zautra, A. (1985) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2136602 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Cheurprakobkit, S. (2000) · Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1016/s0047-2352(00)00042-8 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
The Multiple Dimensions of Trust in Resident/Police Relations in Boston
STOUTLAND, S. E. (2001) · Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency · doi:10.1177/0022427801038003002 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Hope, T. (1995) · Crime and Justice · doi:10.1086/449229 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Problem-Solving and Community Policing
Moore, M. H. (1992) · Crime and Justice · doi:10.1086/449194 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Solidarity Model, Breakdown Model, and the Boston Anti-Busing Movement
Useem, B. (1980) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2095171 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Communication and a sense of community in a metropolitan neighborhood: A factor analytic examination
Doolittle, R. J., & MacDonald, D. (1978) · Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1080/01463377809369297 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
White, black, or blue cops? Race and citizen assessments of police officers
Weitzer, R. (2000) · Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1016/s0047-2352(00)00043-x · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Neighborhoods and crime the dimensions of effective community control
Bursik, R. J., & Grasmick, H. G. (1993) · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Radelet, L. A., & Reed, H. C. (1973) · Glencoe Press eBooks · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Crime and Public Policy: Putting Theory to Work.
Borg, M. J., & Barlow, H. D. (1997) · Social Forces · doi:10.2307/2580337 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Policing in America: A Balance of Forces
Langworthy, R. H., & Travis, L. F. (1994) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Walker, S. (1984) · Justice Quarterly · doi:10.1080/07418828400088041 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
How to recognize good policing : problems and issues
Brodeur, J. (1998) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Sadd, S., & Grinc, R. M. (1994) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781483327006.n2 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
African Americans' Attitudes Toward the Local Police
Parker, K. D., Onyekwuluje, A. B., & Murty, K. S. (1995) · Journal of Black Studies · doi:10.1177/002193479502500308 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Police Leadership in America: Crisis and Opportunity
Geller, W. A. (1985) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Communities and crime prevention
Welsh, B. C., & Farrington, D. P. (2003) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203166697-10 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Homeownership and Social Attachment
Blum, T. C., & Kingston, P. W. (1984) · Sociological Perspectives · doi:10.2307/1389016 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Urban Dynamics and Ecological Studies of Delinquency
Bursik, R. J. (1984) · Social Forces · doi:10.1093/sf/63.2.393 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Policing Houston: Reducing Fear and Improving Service
Brown, L. P., & Wycoff, M. A. (1987) · Crime & Delinquency · doi:10.1177/0011128787033001005 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Community-Oriented Research in an Era of Community-Oriented Policing
Thurman, Q. C., & Reisig, M. D. (1996) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/0002764296039005005 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
The Impact of Community Policing on Neighborhood Residents: A Cross-Site Analysis
Skogan, W. G. (1994) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781483327006.n9 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Urban Neighborhoods: Research and Policy
Taylor, R. B. (1986) · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Community-Oriented Policing: A Systemic Approach to Policing
Oliver, W. M. (1997) · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Kennedy, D. M., & Moore, M. H. (1995) · Justice System Journal · doi:10.1080/23277556.1995.10871210 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
The Organizationally Dependent Community
Crenshaw, E. M., & John, C. S. (1989) · Urban Affairs Quarterly · doi:10.1177/004208168902400306 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Hall, J. R. (1988) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2095815 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION AND COMMUNITY POLICING
Skogan, W. G. (1995) · Cited by 37 · see citing works
The Community Role in Community Policing
Friedman, W. (1994) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781483327006.n16 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Research Synthesis and Policy Implications
Moore, M. H. (1994) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781483327006.n20 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Jiao, A. Y. (1995) · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Informal Social Control and Crime Prevention in Modern Urban Neighborhoods
Greenberg, S. W., & Rohe, W. M. (1986) · doi:10.5040/9798216990543.ch-003 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Bartollas, C., & Hahn, L. D. (1998) · UNI ScholarWorks (University of Northern Iowa) · Cited by 19 · see citing works
The Effects of Community Policing on Complaints Against Officers
Kessler, D. A. (1999) · Journal of Quantitative Criminology · doi:10.1023/a:1007580632179 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Jiao, A. Y. (1997) · Policing An International Journal · doi:10.1108/13639519710180015 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Cultural diversity and social order: Rethinking the role of community policing
Lynes, D. A. (1996) · Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1016/s0047-2352(96)00035-9 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Curtis, L. A. (1987) · The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science · doi:10.1177/0002716287494001001 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
CITIZEN RATINGS OF THE IMPORTANCE OF SELECTED POLICE DUTIES
Webb, V. J., Katz, C. M., & Graham, N. (1997) · Journal of Crime and Justice · doi:10.1080/0735648x.1997.9721564 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Law enforcement operations and management
McShane, M. D., & Williams, F. P. (1997) · Garland Pub. eBooks · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A field experiment on community policing and police legitimacy
Peyton, K., Sierra-Arévalo, M., & Rand, D. G. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1910157116 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
- Authors
- Hawdon, J., & Ryan, J.
- Affiliations
- Clemson University
- Virginia Tech (US)
- ORCID
- Ryan, John
- Venue
- Criminal Justice Policy Review
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2003-03
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 55-74
- ISSN
- 0887-4034 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-3586
- OpenAlex
- W2019403853
- Cited by
- 92
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 8.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Criminal Justice Policy Review (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Policing Practices and Perceptions
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Law › Criminal Justice and Penology
- Keywords
- community policing, community solidarity, fear of crime, police effectiveness, police presence, neighbourhood policing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
