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Synthesis of phosphoric acid-treated sugarcane bagasse cellulose nanocrystal and its thermal properties enhancement for poly (lactic acid) nanocomposites
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites film reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) extracted from sugarcane bagasse fibre (SBF) was prepared by solvent casting method. The CNCs were obtained through alkaline treatment followed by sulphuric acid hydrolysis or phosphoric acid hydrolysis. The aim of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing phosphoric acid (mild acid) to extract CNC from the SBF. The properties of the CNC were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The thermal properties of the PLA/CNC nanocomposites were characterized using thermogravimetric analyser (TGA). TEM results demonstrated that the CNC having diameter of 5.5–6.2 nm and length of 235–300 nm. Results from XPS characterization have confirmed the existence of both sulphate group and phosphate group in the H 2 SO 4 -treated CNC (S-CNC) and H 3 PO 4 -treated CNC (P-CNC). FTIR results indicated that the presence of hydrogen bonding and chemical interaction between PLA and CNC. The thermal stability of PLA/P-CNC-10 is higher than that of PLA/S-CNC-10 nanocomposites attributed to the char formation of P-CNC in the PLA matrix.
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Solvent casting enables good initial dispersion of NC in PLA due to solvent-assisted mixing.
“Solvent casting, often used in early-stage studies, enables good initial dispersion of NC in PLA due to solvent-assisted mixing [15,17,37,65,77]”
NC can act as a nucleating agent, accelerating PLA crystallization and enhancing its thermal resistance.
“Studies using DSC and TGA show that NC can act as a nucleating agent, accelerating PLA crystallization and enhancing its thermal resistance [14,16,17,65].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Gan, I., & Chow, W. S.
- Affiliations
- Universiti Sains Malaysia (MY)
- Corresponding author
- Chow, Wen Shyang
- ORCID
- Chow, Wen Shyang
- Venue
- Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2018-05-01
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 619-634
- ISSN
- 0892-7057 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-7980
- OpenAlex
- W2801070198
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7
- FWCI
- 1.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Universiti Sains Malaysia (Research University grant (1001/PBAHAN/8014024))
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Advanced Cellulose Research Studies
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging
- Keywords
- cellulose nanocrystals, phosphoric acid hydrolysis, sulfuric acid hydrolysis, alkali treatment, thermal stability, char formation, cellulose surface modification, hydrogen bonding, biodegradable polymers
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