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Cosmetic Use of Botulinum Toxin-A Affects Processing of Emotional Language
Open accessAbstract
How does language reliably evoke emotion, as it does when people read a favorite novel or listen to a skilled orator? Recent evidence suggests that comprehension involves a mental simulation of sentence content that calls on the same neural systems used in literal action, perception, and emotion. In this study, we demonstrated that involuntary facial expression plays a causal role in the processing of emotional language. Subcutaneous injections of botulinum toxin-A (BTX) were used to temporarily paralyze the facial muscle used in frowning. We found that BTX selectively slowed the reading of sentences that described situations that normally require the paralyzed muscle for expressing the emotions evoked by the sentences. This finding demonstrates that peripheral feedback plays a role in language processing, supports facial-feedback theories of emotional cognition, and raises questions about the effects of BTX on cognition and emotional reactivity. We account for the role of facial feedback in language processing by considering neurophysiological mechanisms and reinforcement-learning theory.
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Self-citationBrain mechanisms linking language and action
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Embodiment of emotion concepts
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Cited by
The representation of abstract words: Why emotion matters.
Kousta, S.-T., Vigliocco, G., Vinson, D. P., Andrews, M., & Del Campo, E. (2011) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/a0021446 · Cited by 894
Elder, R. S., & Krishna, A. (2012) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/661531 · Cited by 465
Neal, D. T., & Chartrand, T. L. (2011) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550611406138 · Cited by 293
Embodiment of cognition and emotion.
Winkielman, P., Niedenthal, P., Wielgosz, J., Eelen, J., & Kavanagh, L. C. (2015) · APA handbook of personality and social psychology, Volume 1: Attitudes and social cognition. · doi:10.1037/14341-004 · Cited by 151
Social dimension of emotions and its implication for animal welfare
Špinka, M. (2012) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2012.02.005 · Cited by 147
Metadata
- Authors
- Havas, D. A., Glenberg, A. M., Gutowski, K. A., Lucarelli, M. J., & Davidson, R. J.
- Venue
- Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2010-06-14
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 895-900
- ISSN
- 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9280
- OpenAlex
- W2048635044
- Cited by
- 389
- References
- 6
- FWCI
- 11.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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