On “Feeling Right” in Cultural Contexts: How Person-Culture Match Affects Self-Esteem and Subjective Well-Being
Abstract
Whether one is in one's native culture or abroad, one's personality can differ markedly from the personalities of the majority, thus failing to match the "cultural norm." Our studies examined how the interaction of individual- and cultural-level personality affects people's self-esteem and well-being. We propose a person-culture match hypothesis that predicts that when a person's personality matches the prevalent personalities of other people in a culture, culture functions as an important amplifier of the positive effect of personality on self-esteem and subjective well-being at the individual level. Across two studies, using data from more than 7,000 individuals from 28 societies, multilevel random-coefficient analyses showed that when a relation between a given personality trait and well-being or self-esteem exists at the individual level, the relation is stronger in cultures characterized by high levels of that personality dimension. Results were replicated across extraversion, promotion focus, and locomotive regulatory mode. Our research has practical implications for the well-being of both cultural natives and migrants.
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People whose behavior fits well with their cultural context's norms tend to experience good or pleasant feelings.
“People whose behavior fits well with their cultural context’s norms tend to experience good or pleasant feelings (De Leersnyder et al., 2014; Fulmer et al., 2010; Kitayama & Markus, 2000).”
From Culture and Healthy Eating: The Role of Independence and Interdependence in the United States and Japan (2016) · cites this paper as Fulmer et al., 2010
The current study is the first to examine cultural norm-fulfillment effects for all Big Five traits.
“One prior investigation has addressed cultural norm-fulfillment effects regarding E (Fulmer et al., 2010) but the current study is the first to examine cultural norm-fulfillment effects for all Big Five traits.”
From Cultural norm fulfillment, interpersonal belonging, or getting ahead? A large-scale cross-cultural test of three perspectives on the function of self-esteem. (2015) · cites this paper as Fulmer et al., 2010
Fulmer et al. found high correlations between Extraversion and self-esteem in countries where Extraversion was normative and lower correlations where Extraversion was not normative.
“They found high correlations in countries where E was normative and lower correlations in countries where E was not normative.”
From Cultural norm fulfillment, interpersonal belonging, or getting ahead? A large-scale cross-cultural test of three perspectives on the function of self-esteem. (2015) · cites this paper as Fulmer, Gelfand, Kruglanski, Kim-Prieto, Diener, Pierro, and Higgins (2010)
Study 1 was the first to focus on cultural norm-fulfillment effects across all Big Five traits.
“our study was the first to focus on cultural norm-fulfillment effects across all Big Five traits.”
From Cultural norm fulfillment, interpersonal belonging, or getting ahead? A large-scale cross-cultural test of three perspectives on the function of self-esteem. (2015) · cites this paper as Fulmer et al., 2010
The informant-report evidence for cultural norm-fulfillment is a key extension of prior research because all prior research relied exclusively on self-reports.
“This in itself is a key extension of prior research on cultural norm-fulfillment because all prior research has relied exclusively on selfreports (Becker et al., 2004;Fulmer et al., 2010;Gebauer, Wagner et al., 2013;Goodwin et al., 2012).”
From Cultural norm fulfillment, interpersonal belonging, or getting ahead? A large-scale cross-cultural test of three perspectives on the function of self-esteem. (2015) · cites this paper as Fulmer et al., 2010
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References 36 · Cited by 354
- Authors
- Fulmer, C. A., Gelfand, M. J., Kruglanski, A. W., Kim-Prieto, C., Diener, E., Pierro, A., & Higgins, E. T.
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- The College of New Jersey
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fulmer, C. Ashley
- ORCID
- Venue
- Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2010-09-28
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1563-1569
- ISSN
- 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9280
- OpenAlex
- W2148128846
- Cited by
- 354
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 21.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Army Research Office
- Army Research Laboratory
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Cultural Differences and Values
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Keywords
- personality, cultural norms, self-esteem, subjective well-being, extraversion, promotion focus, cross-cultural comparison, migrants, personality traits
- MeSH terms
- Character, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Extraversion, Psychological, Humans, Models, Psychological, Quality of Life, Self Concept, Social Environment, Social Identification, Social Values
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