Cited by 322Evolutionary Psychology and Human BehaviorFace Recognition and PerceptionEmotions and Moral Behavior

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What Are Emotion Expressions For?

Shariff, Azim F., Tracy, Jessica L.·2011·Current Directions in Psychological Science

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Abstract

Although research on the nonverbal expression of emotion has played a prominent role throughout psychology during the past two decades—including an instrumental role in the development of contemporary evolutionary psychology—little research has focused on the evolutionary origins and functions of the emotional expressions themselves. However, recent findings from psychophysical, comparative, social, and cross-cultural psychology are converging to produce a compelling functionalist account, suggesting that emotional expressions serve critical adaptive purposes. Most of these studies have narrowly focused on single emotions—an approach that has been very useful for providing new insights about specific expressions but not for developing a broader understanding of why humans universally display and recognize distinct emotions. Here we unify these disparate findings in order to illuminate this fundamental form of social communication.

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Authors: Shariff, A. F., & Tracy, J. L.
Affiliations: University of Oregon (US)
University of British Columbia (CA)
ORCID: Shariff, Azim F.
Tracy, Jessica L.
Venue: Current Directions in Psychological Science
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2011-12
Volume: 20
Issue: 6
Pages: 395-399
ISSN: 0963-7214 (ISSN-L)
1467-8721
DOI: 10.1177/0963721411424739
OpenAlex: W2096186423
Cited by: 322
References: 32
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 16.95
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Current Directions in Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
Funders: Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
Keywords: emotional expression, nonverbal communication, evolutionary origins of emotion, adaptive function of emotions, emotion recognition, social communication

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