Cited by 274Health disparities and outcomesAttachment and Relationship DynamicsDeath Anxiety and Social Exclusion

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The Major Health Implications of Social Connection

Holt-Lunstad, Julianne·2021·Current Directions in Psychological Science

DOI 10.1177/0963721421999630

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Abstract

The influence of social relationships extends beyond emotional well-being to influence long-term physical-health outcomes, including mortality risk. Despite the varied measurement approaches used to examine social relationships within the health literature, the data can be synthesized using social connection as an organizing framework. This review discusses cumulative scientific evidence of links between various aspects of social connection and mortality, as well as supporting evidence for links with morbidity and plausible mechanisms. This evidence fulfills the criteria outlined in the Bradford Hill guidelines for establishing causality. Despite strong evidence currently available, several gaps remain and will need to be addressed if society is to rise to the challenge of developing effective interventions to reduce risk associated with social disconnection. This evidence has important broader implications for medical practice and public health.

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Afterword
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Dedication
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‘I Know Better What I Want and What I Can Do’: Career Development in Established Adulthood
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Authors: Holt-Lunstad, J.
Affiliations: Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University
ORCID: Holt-Lunstad, Julianne
Venue: Current Directions in Psychological Science
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2021-06
Volume: 30
Issue: 3
Pages: 251-259
ISSN: 0963-7214 (ISSN-L)
1467-8721
DOI: 10.1177/0963721421999630
OpenAlex: W3175046625
Cited by: 273
References: 36
Citations by year: 2026: 59 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 9
FWCI: 17.66
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Current Directions in Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
Keywords: social connectedness, interpersonal relationships, mortality risk, morbidity, social disconnection, social determinants of health, causal mechanisms, Bradford Hill criteria, social isolation, public health interventions

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