Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 100Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum DisordersPsychoanalysis and Psychopathology ResearchAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Pathological Guilt: A Persistent Yet Overlooked Treatment Factor in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Shapiro, Leslie J., Stewart, S. Evelyn·2011·Annals of Clinical Psychiatry

Abstract

Background Guilt appears to be a factor that may increase the severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and negatively impact treatment outcomes. However, researchers and clinicians have paid little attention to addressing guilt in OCD treatment. Because guilt is an important perpetuating and mediating factor for OCD symptoms and the development of guilt-specific strategies may yield improved treatment outcomes, we hypothesized that a review of the relevant literature may provide important guidance for the field. Methods To identify existing scientific contributions across psychological, biologic, and theological disciplines, we conducted a systematic review of the literature on the topic of pathological guilt (PG) in OCD. Results Fourteen studies focusing on both PG and OCD were identified. The content of these papers consistently reflected the theme that guilt plays a significant role in OCD and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Conclusions The potential influence and moderating effects of guilt require more focused attention in the clinical management of OCD. Development of routine standardized measures and treatment protocols targeting the role of guilt in OCD, in addition to consultation with clergy or other appropriate community resources, would provide valuable contributions to the literature. Addressing this affective component related to OCD may lead to improved treatment outcomes and fewer relapses for this debilitating and frequently chronic illness.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/104012371102300109

Cites

5 of 5 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 56

  1. 10.1016/j.brat.2007.03.011 · DOI
  2. 10.1016/j.jbtep.2007.02.002 · DOI
  3. NissensonK. An evaluation of and a brief intervention for guilt, responsibility, and thoughts and behaviors associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder [dissertation]. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University; 2006.
  4. 10.1016/j.jbtep.2004.04.003 · DOI
  5. SavoieD. A phenomenological investigation of the role of guilt in obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Phenomenol Psychol. 1996;27:193–218. · DOI
  6. ShafranR, WatkinsE, CharmanT. Guilt in obsessive compulsive disorder. J Anxiety Disord. 1996;10:509–516. · DOI
  7. Tallis ObsessionsF., responsibility, and guilt: two case reports suggesting a common and specific aetiology. Behav Res Ther. 1994;32:143–145. · DOI
  8. Rachman ObsessionsS., responsibility, and guilt. Behav Res Ther. 1993;31:149–154. · DOI · Paper page
  9. 10.1016/0887-6185(91)90035-R · DOI
  10. 10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810110054008 · DOI · Paper page
  11. AbramowitzJS. Treatment of scrupulous obsessions and compulsions using exposure and response prevention: a case report. Cogn Behav Pract. 2001;8:79–85. · DOI
  12. Ciarrocchi ReligionJW., scrupulosity, and obsessivecompulsive disorder. In: JenikeMA, BaerL, MinichielloW, eds. Obsessive-compulsive disorders: practical management. 3rd ed. Chicago, IL: Year Book Medical Publisher; 1990:555–569.
  13. GreenbergD. Are religious compulsions religious or compulsive: a phenomenological study. Am J Psychother. 1984;38:524–532. · DOI
  14. GreenbergD, WitztumE, PisanteJ. Scrupulosity: religious attitudes and clinical presentations. Br J Med Psych. 1987;60:29–37. · DOI
  15. GreenbergD, WitztumE. The treatment of obsessivecompulsive disorder in strictly religious patients. In: PatoMT, ZoharJ, eds. Current treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.; 1991:157–172.
  16. 10.1007/BF02686830 · DOI
  17. MillerCH, HedgesDW. Scrupulosity disorder: an overview and introductory analysis. J Anxiety Disord. 2008;22:1042–1058. · DOI
  18. NelsonEA, AbramowitzJS, WhitesideSP, . Scrupulosity in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: relationship to clinical and cognitive phenomena. Anxiety Disord. 2006;20:1071–1086. · DOI
  19. 10.1016/S0165-1781(01)00310-9 · DOI
  20. 10.1086/406755 · DOI · Paper page
  21. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed, text rev. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000.
  22. 10.1177/1524838005285914 · DOI
  23. 10.1080/10615800902818771 · DOI · Paper page
  24. GloverH. Guilt and aggression in Vietnam veterans. Am J Soc Psychiatr. 1985;5:15–18.
  25. 10.1348/000711201161109 · DOI
  26. 10.1002/jts.20026 · DOI
  27. KlassET. Situational approach to the assessment of guilt: development and validation of a self-report measure. J Psychopathol Behav. 1987;9:35–48. · DOI
  28. RosenM. A dual model of obsessional neurosis. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1975;43:453–459. · DOI
  29. 10.1037/0022-3514.62.2.318 · DOI
  30. TangneyJP, BurgraffSA, WagnerPE. Shame-proneness, guilt-proneness, and psychological symptoms. In: TangneyJP, FischerKW, eds. Self-conscious emotions: the psychology of shame, guilt, and pride. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 1995:343–367.
  31. VergoteA, ed; Wood MH, trans. Guilt and desire: religious attitudes and their pathological derivatives. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; 1988.
  32. SalzmanL. Guilt. Ment Health Soc. 1974;1:313–319.
  33. ShecterleRA. Guilt reconsidered: empirical research on the theological influences upon religious differences in the phenomenological experiences of the emotions of guilt and shame [dissertation]. Baltimore, MD: Loyola College; 1999.
  34. DeVriesSJ. Sin and sinner. In: ButtrickGA, CrimKR, eds. The interpreter's dictionary of the bible. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press; 1962:361–376.
  35. ThyerBA. Remorse and guilt in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychotherapy Patient. 1989;5:95–111. · DOI
  36. NilerER, BeckSJ. The relationship among guilt, dysphoria, anxiety and obsessions in a normal population. Behav Res Ther. 1989;27:213–220. · DOI
  37. OtterbacherJR, MunzDC. State-trait measure of experiential guilt. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1973;40:115–121. · DOI
  38. BlacherRS. “It isn't fair:” postoperative depression and other manifestations of survivor guilt. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2000;22:43–48. · DOI
  39. OhnishiM. Trait guilt discriminate between anthropophobic tendency and social anxiety in adolescents. Shin-rigaku Kenkyu. 2008;79:351–358. · DOI
  40. 10.1007/BF02686944 · DOI
  41. O'ConnorLE, BerryJW, InabaD, . Shame, guilt, and depression in men and women in recovery from addiction. J Subst Abuse Treat. 1994;11:503–510. · DOI
  42. MeehanW O'ConnorLE BerryJW . Guilt shame and depression in clients in recovery from addiction. 1996;28:125–134. · DOI
  43. 10.1016/S0005-7967(02)00044-X · DOI
  44. ColesME, HeimbergRG, FrostRO, . Not just right experiences and obsessive-compulsive features: experimental and self-monitoring perspectives. Behav Res Ther. 2005;43:153–167. · DOI
  45. GilliganC, WardJ, TaylorJM, , eds. Mapping the moral domain: a contribution of women's thinking to psychological theory and education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1998.
  46. SteketeeG, ShapiroLJ. Obsessive-compulsive disorder. In: BellackAS, HersenM, eds. Handbook of behavior therapy in the psychiatric setting. New York, NY: Plenum Press; 1993:199–227. · DOI
  47. FoaEB, SteketeeG, GraysonJB, . Deliberate exposure and blocking of obsessive-compulsive rituals: immediate and long-term effects. Beh Ther. 1984;15:450–472. · DOI
  48. JenikeMA, BaerL, MinichielloWE. Obsessive compulsive disorders: theory and management. Chicago, IL: Year Book Medical Publishers; 1990.
  49. MarksIM, HodgsonR, RachmanS. Treatment of chronic obsessive-compulsive neurosis in-vivo exposure. A two-year follow-up and issues in treatment. Br J Psychiatry. 1975;127:349–364. · DOI
  50. SalkovskisPM, ForresterE. Responsibility. In: FrostRO, SteketeeG, eds. Cognitive approaches to obsessions and compulsions: theory, assessment, and treatment. Kid-lington, United Kingdom: Elsevier Science; 2002:45–61. · DOI
  51. No authors listed. Cognitive assessment of obsessivecompulsive disorder. Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group. Behav Res Ther. 2002;35:667–681.
  52. 10.1016/0005-7967(96)00042-3 · DOI
  53. Rachman ObsessionsS., responsibility, and guilt. Behav Res Ther. 1993;31:149–154. · DOI · Paper page
  54. 10.1037/h0092976 · DOI · Paper page
  55. ShraugerJS, SilvermanRE. The relationship of religious background and participation to locus of control. Sci Study of Rel. 1971;10:11–16. · DOI
  56. ManciniF, Gangemi ResponsibilityA., guilt, and decision under risk. Psychol Rep. 2003;93:(3 Pt 2)1077–1079. · DOI

Cited by

See all 100

Metadata

Authors
Shapiro, L. J., & Stewart, S. E.
Affiliations
Harvard University (US)
Venue
Annals of Clinical Psychiatry
Published
2011-02
Volume
23
Issue
1
Pages
63-70
ISSN
  • 1040-1237 (ISSN-L)
  • 1547-3325
OpenAlex
W199838849
Cited by
100
References
5
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 3
FWCI
4.83
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Annals of Clinical Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords
obsessive-compulsive disorder, guilt, OCD treatment, symptom severity, treatment outcomes, relapse, emotional factors
MeSH terms
Behavioral Symptoms, Brain Mapping, Diagnostic Errors, Guilt, Interpersonal Relations, Obsessive Behavior, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Pastoral Care, Psychological Techniques, Psychotherapy, Severity of Illness Index, Behavior Control, Behavioral Research, Emotional Intelligence

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.