The DOI matches its Crossref record; 59 of the 59 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Classifying the Findings in Qualitative Studies
Abstract
A key task in conducting research integration studies is determining what features to account for in the research reports eligible for inclusion. In the course of a methodological project, the authors found a remarkable uniformity in the way findings were produced and presented, no matter what the stated or implied frame of reference or method. They describe a typology of findings, which they developed to bypass the discrepancy between method claims and the actual use of methods, and efforts to ascertain its utility and reliability. The authors propose that the findings in journal reports of qualitative studies in the health domain can be classified on a continuum of data transformation as no finding, topical survey, thematic survey, conceptual/thematic description, or interpretive explanation.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Researching Lived Experience: Human Science for an Action Sensitive Pedagogy
van Manen, M. (1990) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11,308
Thick Description: Towards an Interpretive Theory of Culture
Geertz, C. (1973) · PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation) · doi:10.4324/9780203931950-11 · Cited by 4,173
Reflexive Methodology: New Vistas for Qualitative Research
(2012) · QMiP Bulletin · doi:10.53841/bpsqmip.2012.1.14.101 · Cited by 3,463
Understanding and Validity in Qualitative Research
Maxwell, J. (1992) · Harvard Educational Review · doi:10.17763/haer.62.3.8323320856251826 · Cited by 2,951 · cited 1×
“…such a mathematized notion of analysis and interpretation), and because “fuzzy boundaries are the rule rather than the exception in categorization” (Maxwell, 1992, p. 285), the study eliciting a 4 or a 5 but never a 3 (the adjacent category to the left of 4) and never a 1 or 2 (not adjacent at…”
BackgroundTransforming Qualitative Data: Description, Analysis, and Interpretation
Wolcott, H. F. (1994) · Cited by 2,805
Noblit, G., & Hare, R. (1988) · doi:10.4135/9781412985000 · Cited by 2,723
The Enlightened Eye: Qualitative Inquiry and the Enhancement of Educational Practice
Gray, J., & Eisner, E. W. (1994) · Studies in Art Education · doi:10.2307/1320828 · Cited by 2,469
Meta-Ethnography: Synthesizing Qualitative Studies
Noblit, G. W., & Hare, R. D. (1988) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,191
Interpretive description: A noncategorical qualitative alternative for developing nursing knowledge
Thorne, S., Kirkham, S. R., & MacDonald-Emes, J. (1997) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-240x(199704)20:2<169::aid-nur9>3.0.co;2-i · Cited by 1,720
Schwandt, T. A. (2000) · Cited by 1,668
Research works printed but not linked: 45
- Clarke M. & Oxman A. D. (Eds.). (2001 October). Cochrane reviewers' handbook 4.1.4. Cochrane Library 1. Retrieved February 13 2002 from www.cochrane.org/cochrane/hbook.htm
- Culler J. (1980). Literary competence. In J. Tompkins (Ed.) Reader-response criticism: From formalism to post-structuralism (pp. 101-117). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
- 10.1080/073993398246106 · doi:10.1080/073993398246106
- 10.1177/019394590002200308 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1177/089124197026003003 · doi:10.1177/089124197026003003
- Ingram D. A. (1996). HIV-positive women: Double binds and defensive mothering. Unpublished doctoral dissertation University of Florida Gainesville.
- Seale C. F. (2002). Computer-assisted analysis of qualitative interview data. In J. F. Gubrium & J. A. Holstein (Eds.) Handbook of interview research: Context & method (pp. 651-670). Thousand Oaks CA: Sage. · doi:10.4135/9781412973588.n37
- 10.1111/1471-6402.00013 · doi:10.1111/1471-6402.00013
- 10.1080/13648470.1999.9964576 · doi:10.1080/13648470.1999.9964576
- Journal Article Reports of Qualitative Studies of HIV-Positive Women
- 10.1080/073993399245467 · doi:10.1080/073993399245467
- 10.1080/073993398246106 · doi:10.1080/073993398246106
- 10.2190/AMXL-J8B9-D3AA-L9AG · doi:10.2190/amxl-j8b9-d3aa-l9ag
- 10.1037/h0080219 · doi:10.1037/h0080219
- 10.1300/J010v30n03_02 · doi:10.1300/j010v30n03_02
- Gramling, L., Boyle, J. S., McCain, N., Ferrell, J., Hodnicki, D., & Muller, R. (1996). Reconstructing a woman's experiences with AIDS. Family and Community Health, 19, 49-56.
- 10.3928/0279-3695-19990501-15 · doi:10.3928/0279-3695-19990501-15
- 10.1177/089124197026003003 · doi:10.1177/089124197026003003
- 10.1089/apc.1991.5.17 · doi:10.1089/apc.1991.5.17
- 10.1177/104973299129121811 · DOI
- 10.1080/073993399245999 · doi:10.1080/073993399245999
- 10.1177/104973200129118282 · DOI
- 10.2307/585531 · doi:10.2307/585531
- Leenerts, M. H. (1998). Barriers to self-care in a cohort of low-income White women living with HIV/AIDS. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 9, 22-36.
- Leenerts, M. H., Flaskerud, J. H., & Saunders, J. (1999). Lingering images: Symbols and meanings of self-images in HIV-positive women with abuse histories. National Academies of Practice Forum: Issues in Interdisciplinary Care, 1, 209-218.
- 10.1097/00012272-200003000-00006 · DOI
- Marcenko, M. O., & Samost, L. (1999). Living with HIV/AIDS: The voices of HIV-positive mothers. Social Work: Journal of the National Association of Social Workers, 44, 36-45. · doi:10.1093/sw/44.1.36
- 10.1080/07399339609516236 · doi:10.1080/07399339609516236
- 10.1080/01612840118210 · doi:10.1080/01612840118210
- 10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.01610.x · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.01610.x
- Rose, M. A. (1993). Health concerns of women with HIV/AIDS. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 4, 39-45.
- 10.1177/089801019901700403 · doi:10.1177/089801019901700403
- 10.1300/J013v20n04_02 · doi:10.1300/j013v20n04_02
- 10.1521/aeap.13.3.189.19747 · doi:10.1521/aeap.13.3.189.19747
- 10.1111/1471-6402.00013 · doi:10.1111/1471-6402.00013
- 10.1177/096973309700400505 · doi:10.1177/096973309700400505
- 10.1177/019394599701900104 · doi:10.1177/019394599701900104
- 10.1097/00004650-199701000-00005 · doi:10.1097/00004650-199701000-00005
- Sowell, R. L., Seals, B., Moneyham, L., Guillory, J., Demi, A., & Cohen, L. (1996). Barriers to health-seeking behaviors for women infected with HIV. Nursing Connections, 9, 5-17.
- 10.1080/13648470.1999.9964576 · doi:10.1080/13648470.1999.9964576
- 10.1177/089801019601400206 · doi:10.1177/089801019601400206
- 10.17730/praa.15.4.eq25x27882707779 · doi:10.17730/praa.15.4.eq25x27882707779
- 10.1177/019394599802000404 · doi:10.1177/019394599802000404
- Weitz, R. (1993). Powerlessness, invisibility, and the lives of women with HIV disease. Advances in Medical Sociology, 3, 101-121.
- 10.1080/073993300245159 · doi:10.1080/073993300245159
Cited by
Content analysis and thematic analysis: Implications for conducting a qualitative descriptive study
Vaismoradi, M., Turunen, H., & Bondas, T. (2013) · Nursing & Health Sciences · doi:10.1111/nhs.12048 · Cited by 8,327
The Use of Triangulation in Qualitative Research
Carter, N., Bryant-Lukosius, D., DiCenso, A., Blythe, J., & Neville, A. J. (2014) · Oncology Nursing Forum · doi:10.1188/14.onf.545-547 · Cited by 3,915
Thematic analysis of qualitative data: AMEE Guide No. 131
Kiger, M. E., & Varpio, L. (2020) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/0142159x.2020.1755030 · Cited by 3,787
Choose Your Method: A Comparison of Phenomenology, Discourse Analysis, and Grounded Theory
Starks, H., & Brown Trinidad, S. (2007) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732307307031 · Cited by 2,528
A Step-by-Step Process of Thematic Analysis to Develop a Conceptual Model in Qualitative Research
Naeem, M., Ozuem, W., Howell, K., & Ranfagni, S. (2023) · International Journal of Qualitative Methods · doi:10.1177/16094069231205789 · Cited by 2,243
“· Relevant: Codes should symbolize inferential and descriptive data gathered during research; they should represent the data using the most suitable phrases (Corbin & Strauss, 2015; Cunningham, 2004; Saldana, 2016; Sandelowski & Barroso, 2003).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Sandelowski, M., & Barroso, J.
- Venue
- Qualitative Health Research
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2003-09
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 905-923
- ISSN
- 1049-7323 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-7557
- OpenAlex
- W2129519201
- Cited by
- 851
- References
- 59
- FWCI
- 69.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Classifying the Findings in Qualitative Studies. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/1049732303253488
- The paper
- Sandelowski, M., & Barroso, J. (2003). Classifying the Findings in Qualitative Studies. Qualitative Health Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732303253488
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
