Researching Mental Health in Minority Ethnic Communities: Reflections on Recruitment

Rugkåsa, Jorun; Canvin, Krysia

doi:10.1177/1049732310379115

Cited by 74Ethics in Clinical ResearchQualitative Research Methods and EthicsCommunity Health and Development

Researching Mental Health in Minority Ethnic Communities: Reflections on Recruitment

Rugkåsa, Jorun, Canvin, Krysia·2011·Qualitative Health Research

DOI 10.1177/1049732310379115

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

In this article we reflect on the recruitment of research participants to two related studies of experiences of mental health problems in Black and minority ethnic communities in the United Kingdom. A total of 65 people were recruited via three main strategies: the employment of bicultural recruiters, intensive information sharing about the studies, and work through local community groups. Three main issues seemed to affect recruitment: gatekeepers’ attitudes, the (non)payment of participants, and reciprocal arrangements with local community groups. The type of strategy employed resulted in recruits with differing characteristics (although our sample was too small to draw generalizable conclusions). We conclude that to ensure that research participation is accessible to all, researchers must employ flexible recruitment methods that permit adaptation to specific needs arising out of health status, level of involvement with services, culture, and socioeconomic status. Systematic research into this part of the research process is needed.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/1049732310379115

Cites

65 of 65 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Community engagement would be more important in ethnic minority recruitment, and less so in older peoples recruitment, as anticipated by the literature.
“That community engagement would be more important in ethnic minority recruitment, and less so in older peoples recruitment, is anticipated by the literature [44,46,47],”
From Development and evaluation of culturally sensitive psychosocial interventions for under-served people in primary care (2014) · cites this paper as [47]

Qualitative research in health care: Assessing quality in qualitative research
Mays, N. (2000) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.320.7226.50 · Cited by 3,742 · see citing works
Untitled work
(1986) · Cited by 3,447 · see citing works
Qualitative Research: Rigour and qualitative research
Mays, N., & Pope, C. (1995) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.311.6997.109 · Cited by 2,715 · see citing works
Sampling in qualitative research. Purposeful and theoretical sampling: Merging or clear boundaries?
Coyne, I. T. (1997) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1997.t01-25-00999.x · Cited by 2,402 · see citing works
Effective recruitment and retention of minority research participants.
Yancey, A., Ortega, A., & Kumanyika, S. (2006) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.27.021405.102113 · Cited by 1,247 · see citing works
Distrust, Race, and Research
Corbie-Smith, G. M., Thomas, S. B., & George, D. M. M. S. (2002) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.162.21.2458 · Cited by 1,067 · see citing works
Attitudes and beliefs of african americans toward participation in medical research
Corbie-Smith, G. M., Thomas, S. B., Williams, M. V., & Moody‐Ayers, S. Y. (1999) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.1999.07048.x · Cited by 1,014 · see citing works
Are Racial and Ethnic Minorities Less Willing to Participate in Health Research?
Wendler, D. S., Kington, R. S., Madans, J. H., Wye, G. V., Christ‐Schmidt, H., Pratt, L. A., Brawley, O. W., Gross, C. P., & Emanuel, E. J. (2005) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030019 · Cited by 855 · see citing works
How do patients evaluate and make use of online health information?
Sillence, E., Briggs, P., Harris, P. R., & Fishwick, L. (2007) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.01.012 · Cited by 676 · see citing works
Making sense of qualitative data analysis: an introduction with illustrations from DIPEx (personal experiences of health and illness)
Ziébland, S., & McPherson, A. (2006) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02467.x · Cited by 657 · see citing works
Power Relations in Qualitative Research
Karnieli‐Miller, O., Strier, R., & Pessach, L. (2008) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732308329306 · Cited by 643 · see citing works
Racial Differences in Factors that Influence the Willingness to Participate in Medical Research Studies
Shavers, V. L., Lynch, C. F., & Burmeister, L. F. (2002) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s1047-2797(01)00265-4 · Cited by 502 · see citing works
Why ethnic minority groups are under-represented in clinical trials: A review of the literature
Hussain-Gambles, M., Atkin, K., & Leese, B. (2004) · Health and Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2524.2004.00507.x · Cited by 447 · see citing works
Researching Women's Lives From A Feminist Perspective
Maynard, M., & Purvis, J. (2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315041025 · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Participation of Minorities in Cancer Research
Giuliano, A. R., Mokuau, N. K., Hughes, C. K., Tortolero‐Luna, G., Risendal, B., Ho, R. C. S., Prewitt, T. E., & McCaskill-Stevens, W. J. (2000) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s1047-2797(00)00195-2 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Research Interviewing
Mishler, E. G. (1991) · Harvard University Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctv26070x9 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Narrative Research in Health and Illness
Hurwitz, B., Greenhalgh, T., & Skultans, V. (2004) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470755167 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Writing the Proposal for a Qualitative Research Methodology Project
Sandelowski, M., & Barroso, J. V. (2003) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732303013006003 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Understanding the excess of psychosis among the African-Caribbean population in England
Sharpley, M., Hutchinson, G. A., Murray, R. M., & McKenzie, K. J. (2001) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.178.40.s60 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Community-Academic Research on Hard-to-Reach Populations: Benefits and Challenges
Benoit, C., Jansson, M., Millar, A., & Phillips, R. (2004) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732304267752 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Lessons Learned About Minority Recruitment and Retention From the Centers on Minority Aging and Health Promotion
Levkoff, S. E., & Sanchez, H. (2003) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/43.1.18 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Racism, psychosis and common mental disorder among ethnic minority groups in England
Karlsen, S., Nazroo, J. Y., McKenzie, K. J., Bhui, K. S., & Weich, S. (2005) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291705005830 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Recruitment and Retention of Healthy Minority Women into Community-Based Longitudinal Research
Gilliss, C. L., Lee, K. A., Gutiérrez, Y., Taylor, D., Beyene, Y., Neuhaus, J. M., & Murrell, N. L. (2001) · Journal of Women s Health & Gender-Based Medicine · doi:10.1089/152460901750067142 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Informed consent, gatekeepers and go‐betweens: negotiating consent in child and youth‐orientated institutions
Heath, S. J., Charles, V., Crow, G., & Wiles, R. (2007) · British Educational Research Journal · doi:10.1080/01411920701243651 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Ethnic Minority Older Adults Participating in Clinical Research
Moreno-John, G., Gachie, A., Fleming, C. M., Nápoles‐Springer, A. M., Mutran, E. J., Manson, S. M., & Pérez‐Stable, E. J. (2004) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/0898264304268151 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Negative pathways to psychiatric care and ethnicity: the bridge between social science and psychiatry
Morgan, C., Mallett, R., Hutchinson, G. A., & Leff, J. (2003) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(03)00233-8 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
RACE AND CLASS BIAS IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH ON WOMEN
Cannon, L. W., Higginbotham, E., & LEUNG, M. L. A. (1988) · Gender & Society · doi:10.1177/089124388002004003 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
For love or money? An exploratory study of why injecting drug users participate in research
FRY, C. L., & Dwyer, R. (2001) · Addiction · doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.969131911.x · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Describing Ethnicity in Health Research
Bradby, H. (2003) · Ethnicity and Health · doi:10.1080/13557850303555 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Methodological dilemmas: gatekeepers and positionality in Bradford
Sanghera, G., & Thapar‐Björkert, S. (2008) · Ethnic and Racial Studies · doi:10.1080/01419870701491952 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Racism as a Cause of Depression
Fernando, S. (1984) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/002076408403000107 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Describing race, ethnicity, and culture in medical research
McKenzie, K. J., & Crowcroft, N. S. (1996) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.312.7038.1054 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Does racial discrimination cause mental illness?
Chakraborty, A. T., & McKenzie, K. J. (2002) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.180.6.475 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Database of patients' experiences (DIPEx): a multi-media approach to sharing experiences and information
Herxheimer, A., McPherson, A., Miller, R. K., Shepperd, S., Yaphe, J., & Ziébland, S. (2000) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02174-7 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Ethical issues in qualitative health research with homeless youths
Ensign, J. (2003) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02671.x · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Working with culture: A qualitative analysis of barriers to the recruitment of Chinese–American family caregivers for dementia research
Hinton, L., Guo, Z., Hillygus, J., & Levkoff, S. E. (2000) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology · doi:10.1023/a:1006798316654 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Increasing Minority Research Participation Through Community Organization Outreach
Alvarez, R. A., Vasquez, E. P., Mayorga, C. C., Feaster, D. J., & Mitrani, V. B. (2006) · Western Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/0193945906287215 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Poor Mothers and Habits of Hiding: Participatory Methods in Poverty Research
Dodson, L., & Schmalzbauer, L. (2005) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2005.00186.x · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Using Focus Groups With Minority Ethnic Communities: Researching Infertility in British South Asian Communities
Culley, L. A., Hudson, N., & Rapport, F. (2006) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732306296506 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Active vs. passive methods of recruiting ethnic minority women to a health promotion program
Lee, R. E., McGinnis, K. A., Sallis, J. F., Castro, C. M., Chen, A. H., & Hickmann, S. A. (1997) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf02895157 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Locating Research Informants in a Multi-ethnic Community: Ethnic Identities, Social Networks and Recruitment Methods
McLean, C., & Campbell, C. (2003) · Ethnicity and Health · doi:10.1080/13557850303558 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Participation of patients in decisions about treatment for cancer
Fallowfield, L. J. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7322.1144 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Recruiting Transcultural Qualitative Research Participants: A Conceptual Model
Eide, P., & Allen, C. B. (2005) · International Journal of Qualitative Methods · doi:10.1177/160940690500400204 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Race and mental health: there is more to race than racism
Singh, S. P., & Burns, T. (2006) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.38930.501516.be · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Strategies for Motivating Latino Couples' Participation in Qualitative Health Research and Their Effects on Sample Construction
Preloran, H. M., Browner, C. H., & Lieber, E. (2001) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.91.11.1832 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Comparison of the Outcome and Treatment of Psychosis in People of Caribbean Origin Living in the Uk and British Whites
McKenzie, K. J., Samele, C., van Horn, E., Tattan, T. M. G., van Os, J., & Murray, R. M. (2001) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.178.2.160 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Introduction to the special section on recruiting and retaining minorities in psychotherapy research.
Miranda, J. M. (1996) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.64.5.848 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Parents' experiences of universal screening for haemoglobin disorders: implications for practice in a new genetics era
Locock, L., & Kai, J. (2008) · British Journal of General Practice · doi:10.3399/bjgp08x277276 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Participation of Immigrant Women Family Caregivers in Qualitative Research
Neufeld, A., Harrison, M. J., Hughes, K. D., Spitzer, D. L., & Stewart, M. J. (2001) · Western Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/019394590102300604 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Immigrant Women Implementing Participatory Research in Health Promotion
Meyer, M., Torres, S., Cermeño, N., MacLean, L. M., & Monzón, R. (2003) · Western Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/0193945903256707 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
To pay or not to pay: respondents' motivation for participating in research
McKeganey, N. (2001) · Addiction · doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.96912371.x · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Research note: reflections on interviewing across the ethnic divide
Carter, J. P. (2004) · International Journal of Social Research Methodology · doi:10.1080/1364557032000094560 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
The DIPEx Project: Collecting Personal Experiences of Illness and Health Care
Herxheimer, A., & Ziébland, S. (2004) · doi:10.1002/9780470755167.ch7 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Methodology issues in cross‐cultural sourcing research ‐ a primer
Cavusgil, S. T., & Das, A. (1997) · Marketing Intelligence & Planning · doi:10.1108/02634509710177279 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Conducting a Qualitative Culture Study of Pediatric Palliative Care
Davies, B. I., Larson, J. M., Contro, N., Reyes-Hailey, C., Ablin, A. R., Chesla, C. A., Sourkes, B. M., & Cohen, H. J. (2008) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732308327346 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
African and Caribbean men and mental health
Keating, F. (2009) · Ethnicity and Inequalities in Health and Social Care · doi:10.1108/17570980200900015 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Exploring the health needs of Bangladeshi women: a case study in using qualitative research methods
Hennings, J., Williams, J., & Haque, B. N. (1996) · Health Education Journal · doi:10.1177/001789699605500103 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
The Politics of Conducting Research on Depression in a Cross-Cultural Context
Kokanović, R., Furler, J., May, C. R., Dowrick, C. F., Herrman, H., Evert, H., & Gunn, J. M. (2009) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732309334078 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Kanadier Mennonites: A Case Study Examining Research Challenges Among Religious Groups
Hall, B. L., & Kulig, J. C. (2004) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732303261866 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Delivering mental health services for a diverse society
Bhui, K. S., McKenzie, K. J., & Gill, P. S. (2004) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.329.7462.363 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Maintaining Dignity and Managing Stigma in the Interview Encounter: The Challenge of Paid-For Participation
Cook, K., & Nunkoosing, K. (2008) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732307311343 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Ethical Considerations in Mental Health Research with Racial and Ethnic Minority Communities
Williams, C. C. (2005) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-005-6358-y · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Positive prevention: Contemporary issues facing HIV positive people negotiating sex in the UK
Ridge, D., Ziébland, S., Anderson, J., Williams, I. G., & Elford, J. (2007) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.03.049 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Fixing a Foucault sandwich: Cognitive universals and cultural particulars in the concept of mental disorder
Wakefield, J. C. (2002) · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Untitled work
(1998) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1166(1998110)13:11

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Reaching the hard-to-reach: a systematic review of strategies for improving health and medical research with socially disadvantaged groups
Bonevski, B., Randell, M., Paul, C. L., Chapman, K. L., Twyman, L., Bryant, J., Brozek, I., & Hughes, C. (2014) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-14-42 · Cited by 1,495 · see citing works
The voices heard and the voices silenced: recruitment processes in qualitative interview studies
Kristensen, G. K., & Ravn, M. N. (2015) · Qualitative Research · doi:10.1177/1468794114567496 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Understanding Mental Health: What Are the Issues for Black and Ethnic Minority Students at University?
Arday, J. (2018) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci7100196 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Black African and Caribbean British Communities’ Perceptions of Memory Problems: “We Don’t Do Dementia.”
Berwald, S., Roche, M., Adelman, S., Mukadam, N., & Livingston, G. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0151878 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Strategies to improve recruitment of people with dementia to research studies
Bartlett, R. L., Milne, R., & Croucher, R. (2018) · Dementia · doi:10.1177/1471301217748503 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
What Do We Know About Black and Minority Ethnic (BAME) Participation in UK Higher Education?
Arday, J., Branchu, C., & Boliver, V. (2021) · Social Policy and Society · doi:10.1017/s1474746421000579 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Attempts to Reach the Oldest and Frailest: Recruitment, Adherence, and Retention of Urban Elderly Persons to a Falls Reduction Exercise Program
Stineman, M. G., Strumpf, N. E., Kurichi, J. E., Charles, J., Grisso, J. A., & Jayadevappa, R. (2011) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnr012 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Recruiting and Retaining People With Disabilities for Qualitative Health Research: Challenges and Solutions
Banas, J. R., Magasi, S. R., The, K. J., & Victorson, D. E. (2019) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732319833361 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
No one can see me cry: understanding mental health issues for Black and minority ethnic staff in higher education
Arday, J. (2021) · Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s10734-020-00636-w · Cited by 69 · see citing works
What is ‘access’ in the context of qualitative research?
Riese, J. (2018) · Qualitative Research · doi:10.1177/1468794118787713 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Experiences, perspectives and priorities of people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders regarding sleep disturbance and its treatment: a qualitative study
Faulkner, S., & Bee, P. (2017) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1329-8 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
'You give us rangoli, we give you talk': using an art-based activity to elicit data from a seldom heard group
Redwood, S., Gale, N. K., & Greenfield, S. (2012) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-12-7 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Development and evaluation of culturally sensitive psychosocial interventions for under-served people in primary care
Lovell, K., Lamb, J., Gask, L., Bower, P., Waheed, W., Chew-Graham, C., Lamb, J., Aseem, S., Beatty, S., Burroughs, H., et al. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-014-0217-8 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“That community engagement would be more important in ethnic minority recruitment, and less so in older peoples recruitment, is anticipated by the literature [44,46,47], We address these issues in more detail elsewhere [7].”
Background
Mental health and wellbeing of postgraduate researchers: exploring the relationship between mental health literacy, help-seeking behaviour, psychological distress, and wellbeing
Moss, R. A., Gorczynski, P. F., Sims‐Schouten, W., Heard‐Lauréote, K., & Creaton, J. (2021) · Higher Education Research & Development · doi:10.1080/07294360.2021.1906210 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Addressing Underrepresentation in Sex Work Research
Bungay, V., Oliffe, J. L., & Atchison, C. (2015) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732315613042 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Seeking Help for Depression: Applying the Health Belief Model to Illness Narratives
Castonguay, J. S., Filer, C. R., & Pitts, M. J. (2016) · Southern Communication Journal · doi:10.1080/1041794x.2016.1165729 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
An examination of how to engage migrants in the research process: building trust through an ‘insider’ perspective
Ahmed, A., Vandrevala, T., Hendy, J., Kelly, C., & Ala, A. (2019) · Ethnicity and Health · doi:10.1080/13557858.2019.1685651 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Service user involvement in research may lead to contrary rather than collaborative accounts: findings from a qualitative palliative care study
Forbat, L., & Hubbard, G. (2015) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.12865 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
On the Outside Looking In? The Experience of Being a Straight, Cisgender Qualitative Researcher
Levy, D. L. (2013) · Sexual and Gender Diversity in Social Services · doi:10.1080/10538720.2013.782833 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Having a Say in Research Directions: The Role of Community Researchers in Participatory Research with Communities of Refugee and Migrant Background
Hearn, F., Biggs, L. J., Brown, S., Tran, L., Shwe, S., Noe, T., Toke, S., Alias, M. A., Essa, M., Hydari, S., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19084844 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Guidelines for research recruitment of underserved populations (EERC)
Matsuda, Y., Brooks, J. L., & Beeber, L. S. (2016) · Applied Nursing Research · doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2016.07.009 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Desired Mental Health Resources for Urban, Ethnically Diverse, Impoverished Women Struggling With Anxiety and Depression
Doornbos, M. M., Zandee, G. L., DeGroot, J., & Warpinski, M. (2012) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732312465018 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Hard to reach, but not out of reach”: Barriers and facilitators to recruiting Black African and Black Caribbean men with prostate cancer and their partners into qualitative research
Bamidele, O. O., McGarvey, H. E., Lagan, B. M., Chinegwundoh, F., Ali, N., & McCaughan, E. (2018) · European Journal of Cancer Care · doi:10.1111/ecc.12977 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Reaching the ‘hard to reach’: strategies to recruit black and minority ethnic service users with rare long-term neurological conditions
Hoppitt, T., Shah, S., Bradburn, P., Gill, P. S., Calvert, M., Pall, H., Stewart, M., Fazil, Q., & Sackley, C. M. (2011) · International Journal of Social Research Methodology · doi:10.1080/17522439.2011.615161 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
A focus group qualitative study of HIV stigma in the Canadian healthcare system
Wagner, A. C., McShane, K., Hart, T. A., & Margolese, S. L. (2016) · The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality · doi:10.3138/cjhs.251-a6 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Tool for the Meaningful Consideration of Language Barriers in Qualitative Health Research
Premji, S., Kosny, A. A., Yanar, B., & Begum, M. (2019) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732319856303 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Research ethics in practice: An analysis of ethical issues encountered in qualitative health research with mental health service users and relatives
Potthoff, S., Hempeler, C., Gather, J., Gieselmann, A., Vollmann, J., & Scholten, M. (2023) · Medicine Health Care and Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s11019-023-10169-5 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Engagement of people with long- term conditions in health and social care research: Barriers and facilitators to capturing the views of seldom-heard populations
Beadle‐Brown, J., Ryan, S., Windle, K., Holder, J., Turnpenny, Á., Smith, N., Richardson, L., & Whelton, B. (2012) · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Tangled wires in the head”: older migrant Chinese's perception of mental illness in Britain
Li, S., Hatzidimitriadou, E., & Psoinos, M. (2014) · Journal of Aging Studies · doi:10.1016/j.jaging.2014.04.001 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Reaching the “Hard-to-Reach”: Recruitment of Rural-Dwelling Adults With Disabilities
Thurman, W., & Harrison, T. C. (2019) · Journal of Transcultural Nursing · doi:10.1177/1043659619856667 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Challenges in Recruiting African-Born, US-Based Participants for HIV and Tuberculosis Research
Kerani, R. P., Narita, M., Lipira, L. E., Endeshaw, M., Holmes, K. K., & Golden, M. R. (2018) · Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health · doi:10.1007/s10903-018-0776-8 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
RECRUITMENT OF COMMUNITY‐RESIDING YOUTH INTO STUDIES ON AGGRESSION
Richmond, T. S., Cheney, R., Soyfer, L., Kimmel, R., & Raine, A. (2013) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.21546 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Challenges and lessons learnt from conducting a health survey in an ethnically diverse population
Nygaard, S. S., Srivarathan, A., Mathisen, J., Kristiansen, M., Christensen, U., Kvorning, M. F., & Lund, R. (2021) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/14034948211054663 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Ethical and Methodological Challenges in Research With Hard-to-Reach Groups: Examples From Research on Family Caregivers for Migrant Older Adults Living With Dementia
Tezcan‐Güntekin, H., Özer-Erdoğdu, I., Yılmaz-Aslan, Y., Aksakal, T., & Bird, R. (2021) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnab179 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Conducting Research With Community Groups
Doornbos, M. M., Ayoola, A. B., TOPP, R. V., & Zandee, G. L. (2015) · Western Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/0193945915573633 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Participant Recruitment Challenges in Researching Peer Groups and Migration Retrospectively
Pustułka, P., Juchniewicz, N., & Grabowska, I. (2017) · Przegląd Socjologii Jakościowej · doi:10.18778/1733-8069.13.4.04 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Community Gatekeepers: Power, Pitfalls and Possibilities When Recruiting and Researching Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic (BAME) Participants
Bashir, N. (2023) · The Qualitative Report · doi:10.46743/2160-3715/2023.5549 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Advances and Challenges in Conducting Research with Diverse and Vulnerable Populations in a Healthcare Setting: Reducing Stigma and Increasing Cultural Sensitivity
Dixon, L., Salinas, M. G., & Marques, L. M. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-27580-2_17 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Stroking Reflexivity Into Practice: The Pros and Cons of Resorting to Gatekeepers to Conduct Qualitative Criminological Research
Borges, G. M., Guerreiro, A., & Leonardo Conde, U. O. M. (2023) · doi:10.21428/88de04a1.31b36875 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
A Comparison of Two Methods for Recruiting Children with an Intellectual Disability
Adams, D., Handley, L., Heald, M., Simkiss, D., Jones, A., Walls, E., & Oliver, C. (2016) · Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities · doi:10.1111/jar.12263 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Why Me? Challenges Associated With Recruiting Participants for a Study Focusing on “Wealthy Men”: Reflections From Fieldwork Conducted in Tanzania
Deane, K. D., Wamoyi, J., Mgunga, S., & Changalucha, J. M. (2019) · International Journal of Qualitative Methods · doi:10.1177/1609406919849318 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Complementary and Alternative Therapy Use in Breast Cancer
Lambe, C. E. (2013) · Journal of Christian Nursing · doi:10.1097/cnj.0b013e3182a297f4 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Culture as a Double-Edged Sword: The Posttraumatic Experience of Indigenous Ethnic Minority Veterans
Shorer, S., Goldblatt, H., Caspi, Y., & Azaiza, F. (2018) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732318756041 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Intersectionality in the Liminal Space: Researching Caribbean Women's Health in the UK Context
Andrews, N., Greenfield, S., Drever, W., & Redwood, S. (2019) · Frontiers in Sociology · doi:10.3389/fsoc.2019.00082 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Enabling participation of Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) and seldom-heard communities in health research: A case study from the SCAMP adolescent cohort study
Bruton, J., Jones, K., Jenkins, R. H., Davies, B., Ward, H., & Toledano, M. B. (2020) · Research for All · doi:10.14324/rfa.04.2.06 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Methodological Reflections for Qualitative Research with Older Migrants: Focusing on Chinese-heritage Grandparents in New Zealand
Chen, Y., & Buckingham, L. (2025) · International Journal of Qualitative Methods · doi:10.1177/16094069251333247 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The lived experiences of Black and Minority Ethnic patients within a high security hospital
Hui, A. (2017) · Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Sampling hidden populations: lessons learned from a telephone-based study of persons recently diagnosed with HIV (PRDH)
Harwood, E. M., Horvath, K. J., Courtenay–Quirk, C., Fisher, H. H., Kachur, R. E., McFarlane, M., Meyer, B., Rosser, B. R. S., & O’Leary, A. (2011) · International Journal of Social Research Methodology · doi:10.1080/02650533.2011.573302 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Evaluating Predictors of Treatment Seeking Behaviors Across Race
Wahby, M., Soloski, K. L., & Schleiden, C. (2018) · Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly · doi:10.1080/07347324.2018.1513311 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
What is in it for me? Challenges Associated with Recruiting Participants for a Study Focusing on Informal Workers: A Reflection from Fieldwork Conducted in Nigeria
Afolabi, F. J. (2021) · The Qualitative Report · doi:10.46743/2160-3715/2021.4895 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Cultural variation in psychopathology: From research to practice
Rugkåsa, J. (2013) · European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling · doi:10.1080/13642537.2013.814237 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citation
The experiences of being close relatives and informal carers of mentally ill Iraqi refugees: a qualitative study
Rossen, C. B., Stenager, E. N., & Buus, N. (2013) · International Journal of Culture and Mental Health · doi:10.1080/17542863.2013.855247 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Methodological challenges of cross-language qualitative research with South Asian communities living in the UK
Sidhu, M. S., Kokab, F., Jolly, K. B., Marshall, T. P., Gale, N. K., & Gill, P. S. (2016) · Family Medicine and Community Health · doi:10.15212/fmch.2015.0146 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Conducting cross-cultural interviews and focus groups concerning healthcare with Polish migrants in the UK – Lessons from a study on organ donation
Sharp, C., & Randhawa, G. (2016) · Polish Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.poamed.2016.06.006 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Identifying and Overcoming Roadblocks that Limit the Translation of Research Findings to the Achievement of Health Equity
Crook, E. D., Pierre, K. F., & Arrieta, M. I. (2019) · Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved · doi:10.1353/hpu.2019.0114 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Engaging under‐represented oldest old in research: An approach for inclusive recruitment
Paine, N., Lowe, M., Young, C., & Turrell, G. (2024) · Australian Journal on Ageing · doi:10.1111/ajag.13364 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Experience of coercion and treatment pressures amongst mental health service users
Duncan, H. (2013) · UEL Research Repository (University of East London) · doi:10.15123/pub.3457 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Understanding Muslim women clients of counselling: An interpretive phenomenological analysis
Sadiq, R. (2019) · UWE Research Repository (UWE Bristol) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Clinicians’ perspectives on recruiting youth consumers for suicide research
Knox, S., Collings, S. C., & Nelson, K. (2016) · Mental Health and Social Inclusion · doi:10.1108/mhsi-11-2015-0039 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Mental Health Issues of Black and Minority Ethnic Staff in Higher Education
Arday, J. (2020) · Encyclopedia of Teacher Education · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-1179-6_396-1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The reservoir effect: the role of GenAI based conversational agents in participatory futures
Vos, E. D., Schneider, L., Baccarne, B., Marez, L. D., & Emmanouil, M. (2025) · Digital Creativity · doi:10.1080/14626268.2025.2512773 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Severe Mental Illness Longitudinal Evaluation (SMILE): protocol for establishing a cohort and bioresource for UK-based patients with psychosis
Quinn, A., Johnson, T., Bieles, J., Booth, L. R., McCutcheon, R. A., Bradley, J. R., Kingston, N., Breen, G. D., Harshfield, A., Murray, G. K., et al. (2026) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-116077 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Navigating pregnancy and scholarship: Exploring positionality, reflexivity, and intersectionality in research
Hernandez, C. V. (2024) · Administrative Theory & Praxis · doi:10.1080/10841806.2024.2397324 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Homelessness, Stable Housing, and Opportunities for Healthy Aging: Exploring the Relationships
Waldbrook, N. (2013) · QSpace (Queen's University Library) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Big Talk : an exploration of seldom heard discourses of body shape and size from African Caribbean women in the context of Primary Care
Andrews, N. (2017) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Emerging as a worker : mental health service users' transformation through volunteering
Fegan, C. (2014) · SHURA (Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive) (Sheffield Hallam University) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Post treatment for prostate cancer : the experiences and psychosocial needs of Black African and Black Caribbean men and their partners
Bamidele, O. O. (2019) · Repository@Hull (Worktribe) (University of Hull) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Layering lenses : an exploration of integration in counselling psychology
Hughes, G. M. (2014) · City Research Online (City University London)
20,000 homes, but still not enough: A relational comparative study of the piloting phase of Canada’s 20K Homes campaign to understand how it fits in with current efforts to end homelessness
Rea, B. (2018) · doi:10.22215/etd/2018-13351
Recruiting youth consumers for suicide research: A mental health clinician's dilemma
Knox, S. J. (2013) · Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago)
Mental Health Issues of Black and Minority Ethnic Staff in Higher Education
Arday, J. (2022) · Encyclopedia of Teacher Education · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-8679-5_396
Bridging Trust and Collaborative Research in Low‐Income Contexts During Public Health Emergencies: A Sierra Leone Case Study
David, I., & Jeremiah, R. D. (2025) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.70701
Recruiting data-obscured populations: strategic local government referral sampling for qualitative studies
Joseph, S., Mathew, J., & Kuncheria, J. M. (2025) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-025-04540-5
Barriers and facilitators to health and social care for BME service users and carers with rare neurodegenerative conditions
Shah, S. (2014) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham)

Overcoming barriers to recruiting ethnic minorities to mental health research: a typology of recruitment strategies
Waheed, W., Hughes-Morley, A., Woodham, A., Allen, G., & Bower, P. (2015) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-015-0484-z · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Recruiting UK-born ethnic minority women for qualitative health research - lessons learned from a study of maternity care
Twamley, K., Puthussery, S., Macfarlane, A., Harding, S., Ahmed, S., & Mirsky, J. (2009) · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Recruiting South Asians into a UK Mental Health Randomised Controlled Trial: Experiences of Field Researchers
Brown, G., Woodham, A., Marshall, M., Thornicroft, G., SZMUKLER, G. I., Birchwood, M. J., Waquas, A., Farrelly, S. E., & Waheed, W. (2014) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-014-0024-4 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Recruiting UK-born ethnic minority women for health research: lessons learned from a study on maternity care
Twamley, K., Puthussery, S., Macfarlane, A., Harding, S., Ahmed, S., & Mirsky, J. (2009) · IOE EPrints
Recruiting UK-born ethnic minority women for health research – Lessons learned.
Twamley, K., Puthussery, S., Macfarlane, A., Harding, S., Ahmed, S., & Mirsky, J. (2009) · Greenwich Academic Literature Archive (University of Greenwich) · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Authors: Rugkåsa, J., & Canvin, K.
Affiliations: University of Westminster (GB)
University of Oxford (GB)
Corresponding author: Rugkåsa, Jorun
ORCID: Rugkåsa, Jorun
Canvin, Krysia
Venue: Qualitative Health Research
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2010-08-03
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Pages: 132-143
ISSN: 1049-7323 (ISSN-L)
1552-7557
DOI: 10.1177/1049732310379115
OpenAlex: W2169973920
Cited by: 74
References: 65
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 4.44
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Qualitative Health Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: University of Westminster
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Ethics in Clinical Research
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Qualitative Research Methods and Ethics
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Community Health and Development
Keywords: participant recruitment, ethnic minorities, community organizations, gatekeepers, recruitment strategies
MeSH terms: Adult, Anthropology, Cultural, Mental Disorders, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Female, United Kingdom, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Minority Groups, Power, Psychological, Caregivers, Patient Selection, Internet, Researcher-Subject Relations, Cultural Competency

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Researching Mental Health in Minority Ethnic Communities: Reflections on Recruitment

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks