A Comparison of the Risk of QT Prolongation Among SSRIs
Abstract
Objective : To report QT prolongation potential in selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in order to advise clinicians on safe use of SSRIs other than citalopram in light of citalopram warnings. Data Sources : Primary literature and case reports were identified through a systematic search. Data from drug manufacturers, package inserts, and the ArizonaCERT database were also utilized. Study Selection and Data Extraction : English-language studies and case reports were included. Data Synthesis : Studies demonstrate possible dose-related clinically significant QT prolongation with escitalopram. Fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, and sertraline at traditional doses demonstrate a lack of clinically significant increases in QTc in the majority of studies. Further, paroxetine monotherapy shows a lack of clinically significant QTc prolongation in all studies. However, case reports or reporting tools still link these SSRIs with QTc prolongation. Fluoxetine, escitalopram, and sertraline used in post–acute coronary syndrome patients did not demonstrate risk of QTc prolongation. Conclusion : For clinicians who choose not to use citalopram due to recent Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommendations, other antidepressants within this class may be considered. When citalopram is not utilized based on risk factors for TdP, use of escitalopram is not likely the safest alternative. Based on current literature, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, and sertraline appear to have similar, low risk for QT prolongation, and paroxetine appears to have the lowest risk. However, there are significant limitations in interpreting the studies, including varying definitions of significant QT prolongation. Therefore, choice of an alternative SSRI should be based on individual risk factors for arrhythmias and other patient-specific factors.
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These data suggest that MDMA has an equivalent, if not better, safety profile compared with that of first-line SSRIs for the treatment of PTSD, which are known to carry a low risk of QT interval prolongation.
“These data suggest that MDMA has an equivalent, if not better, safety profile compared with that of first-line SSRIs for the treatment of PTSD, which are known to carry a low risk of QT interval prolongation38.”
From MDMA-assisted therapy for severe PTSD: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study (2021) · cites this paper as [38]
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- Authors
- Funk, K. A., & Bostwick, J. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Venue
- Annals of Pharmacotherapy
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2013-10
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1330-1341
- ISSN
- 0012-6578 (ISSN-L)
- 1060-0280
- 1542-6270
- OpenAlex
- W2018099384
- Cited by
- 174
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 6.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annals of Pharmacotherapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- QT prolongation, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline, paroxetine, torsades de pointes, QTc interval, antidepressant safety, arrhythmia risk, acute coronary syndrome, FDA warning
- MeSH terms
- Antidepressive Agents, Humans, Long QT Syndrome, Risk, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
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