The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Second Step: Preventing Aggression by Promoting Social Competence
Abstract
Childhood aggression predicts later high-risk behaviors. In this article, we describe Second Step, a primary prevention program designed to deter aggression and promote social competence of children from preschool through Grade 9. The curriculum is organized around three areas of social-emotional competency: empathy, social problem solving, and anger management. Theory and findings related to these core competencies are described, as are features of lessons, teacher training, and classroom instruction that promote learning and use of specific behavioral skills. Classroom, school, and family contexts that support student use and transfer of skills are also discussed. A review of formative and outcome evaluation studies of Second Step highlights challenges and recommendations related to program implementation.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(1926) · The Science News-Letter · doi:10.2307/3902002 · Cited by 3,602
The support of autonomy and the control of behavior.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1987) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.53.6.1024 · Cited by 3,242
Cognitive-Behavior Modification
Meichenbaum, D. (1977) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9739-8 · Cited by 3,191
Competence at Work: Models for Superior Performance
Spencer, L. M., & Spencer, S. M. (1993) · Cited by 3,158
The Development of Emotional Competence
Saarni, C. (1999) · Cited by 1,736
Cognitive-Behavior Modification: An Integrative Approach
Meichenbaum, D. H. (1977) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,619
Ekman, P. (1975) · Cited by 1,565
Gottman, J. M., Katz, L. F., & Hooven, C. (1996) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037//0893-3200.10.3.243 · Cited by 1,443
Student motivation in middle school: The role of perceived pedagogical caring.
Wentzel, K. R. (1997) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-0663.89.3.411 · Cited by 1,333
Dodge, K. A., Pettit, G. S., McClaskey, C. L., Brown, M. M., & Gottman, J. M. (1986) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.2307/1165906 · Cited by 1,203
Cited by
Durlak, J. A., Weissberg, R. P., Dymnicki, A. B., Taylor, R. D., & Schellinger, K. B. (2011) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01564.x · Cited by 10,854
Research on School Bullying and Victimization: What Have We Learned and Where Do We Go From Here?
Espelage, D. L., & Swearer, S. M. (2003) · School Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/02796015.2003.12086206 · Cited by 1,246
“Plays Nice With Others”: Social–Emotional Learning and Academic Success
Denham, S. A., & Brown, C. (2010) · Early Education and Development · doi:10.1080/10409289.2010.497450 · Cited by 527
Executive function and the promotion of social–emotional competence
Riggs, N. R., Jahromi, L. B., Razza, R. P., Dillworth-Bart, J. E., & Mueller, U. (2006) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2006.04.002 · Cited by 419
Effectiveness of Universal School-Based Programs to Prevent Violent and Aggressive Behavior
Hahn, R., Fuqua-Whitley, D., Wethington, H., Lowy, J., Crosby, A., Fullilove, M., Johnson, R., Liberman, A., Moscicki, E., Price, L., et al. (2007) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2007.04.012 · Cited by 307
Metadata
- Authors
- Frey, K. S., Hirschstein, M. K., & Guzzo, B. A.
- Venue
- Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2000-04
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 102-112
- ISSN
- 1063-4266 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-4799
- OpenAlex
- W2000246216
- Cited by
- 324
- References
- 51
- FWCI
- 52.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Second Step: Preventing Aggression by Promoting Social Competence. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/106342660000800206
- The paper
- Frey, K. S., Hirschstein, M. K., & Guzzo, B. A. (2000). Second Step: Preventing Aggression by Promoting Social Competence. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1177/106342660000800206
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.