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Psychometric assessment of the mindful attention awareness scale (MAAS) among Chinese adolescents.
Open accessAbstract
The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) has the longest empirical track record as a valid measure of trait mindfulness. Most of what is understood about trait mindfulness comes from administering the MAAS to relatively homogenous samples of Caucasian adults. This study rigorously evaluates the psychometric properties of the MAAS among Chinese adolescents attending high school in Chengdu, China. Classrooms from 24 schools were randomly selected to participate in the study. Three waves of longitudinal data (N = 5,287 students) were analyzed. MAAS construct, nomological, and incremental validity were evaluated as well as its measurement invariance across gender using latent factor analyses. Participants' mean age was 16.2 years (SD = 0.7), and 51% were male. The 15-item MAAS had adequate fit to the one-dimensional factor structure at Wave 1, and this factor structure was replicated at Wave 2. A 6-item short scale of the MAAS fit well to the data at Wave 3. The MAAS maintained reliability (Cronbach's α = .89-.93; test-restest r = .35-.52), convergent/discriminant validity, and explained additional variance in mental health measures beyond other psychosocial constructs. Both the 15- and 6-item MAAS scales displayed at least partial factorial invariance across gender. The findings suggest that the MAAS is a sound measure of trait mindfulness among Chinese adolescents. To reduce respondent burden, the MAAS 6-item short-scale provides an option to measure trait mindfulness.
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“It has been translated into Chinese and verified in Chinese adolescents (Black et al., 2012).”
From Adolescents' mindfulness and psychological distress: The mediating role of emotion regulation (2019) · cites this paper as Black et al., 2012
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“The MAAS has displayed good psychometric properties, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.89–0.93.22”
From Prevalence, predictors and types of unpleasant and adverse effects of meditation in regular meditators: international cross-sectional study (2022) · cites this paper as [22]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Black, D. S., Sussman, S., Johnson, C. A., & Milam, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern California (US)
- Claremont Graduate University (US)
- Venue
- Assessment
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2011-08-03
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 42-52
- ISSN
- 1073-1911 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-3489
- PMC
- PMC3705937
- OpenAlex
- W2071186202
- Cited by
- 218
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 5.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Assessment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (P50CA084735, T32CA009492, T32-CA09492)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, trait mindfulness, Chinese adolescents, psychometric validation, measurement invariance, gender differences, short scale, factor structure, nomological network, incremental validity, mental health, high school students
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attention, Awareness, China, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mental Health, Psychometrics, Sex Factors, Statistics as Topic, Time Factors, Confidence Intervals, Chi-Square Distribution, Young Adult, Self Report
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