The DOI matches its Crossref record; 55 of the 55 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Dimensionality of Helicopter Parenting and Relations to Emotional, Decision-Making, and Academic Functioning in Emerging Adults
Abstract
The current study tests the underlying structure of a multidimensional construct of helicopter parenting (HP), assesses reliability of the construct, replicates past relations of HP to poor emotional functioning, and expands the literature to investigate links of HP to emerging adults' decision-making and academic functioning. A sample of 377 emerging adults (66% female; ages 17-30; 88% European American) were administered several items assessing HP as well as measures of other parenting behaviors, depression, anxiety, decision-making style, grade point average, and academic functioning. Exploratory factor analysis results suggested a four-factor, 23-item measure that encompassed varying levels of parental involvement in the personal and professional lives of their children. A bifactor model was also fit to the data and suggested the presence of a reliable overarching HP factor in addition to three reliable subfactors. The fourth subfactor was not reliable and item variances were subsumed by the general HP factor. HP was found to be distinct from, but correlated in expected ways with, other reports of parenting behavior. HP was also associated with poorer functioning in emotional functioning, decision making, and academic functioning. Parents' information-seeking behaviors, when done in absences of other HP behaviors, were associated with better decision making and academic functioning.
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In the citing paper
“Higher scores of helicopter parenting was associated with greater levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms”
From A Systematic Review of “Helicopter Parenting” and Its Relationship With Anxiety and Depression (2022) · cites this paper as Luebbe et al. (2018)
In the citing paper
“Higher scores of helicopter parenting was associated with greater levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms”
From A Systematic Review of “Helicopter Parenting” and Its Relationship With Anxiety and Depression (2022) · cites this paper as Luebbe et al. (2018)
In the citing paper
“Helicopter parenting was found to have a direct relationship with anxiety in 5 of the studies (Kouros et al., 2017; Luebbe et al., 2018; Cui et al., 2019; Hong and Cui, 2019; Schiffrin et al., 2019).”
From A Systematic Review of “Helicopter Parenting” and Its Relationship With Anxiety and Depression (2022) · cites this paper as Luebbe et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“Nine of 11 studies investigating the relationship between helicopter parenting and depression, found an effect”
From A Systematic Review of “Helicopter Parenting” and Its Relationship With Anxiety and Depression (2022) · cites this paper as Luebbe et al., 2018
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Padilla‐Walker, L. M., Son, D., & Nelson, L. J. (2019) · Emerging Adulthood · doi:10.1177/2167696818823626 · Cited by 122
A Systematic Review of “Helicopter Parenting” and Its Relationship With Anxiety and Depression
Vigdal, J. S., & Brønnick, K. K. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.872981 · Cited by 102
“Helicopter parenting was found to have a direct relationship with anxiety in 5 of the studies (Kouros et al., 2017; Luebbe et al., 2018; Cui et al., 2019; Hong and Cui, 2019; Schiffrin et al., 2019).”
BackgroundHelicopter Parenting, Self-Control, and School Burnout among Emerging Adults
Love, H., May, R. W., Cui, M., & Fincham, F. D. (2019) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-019-01560-z · Cited by 103
Overparenting and Emerging Adult Development: A Systematic Review
Cui, M., Hong, P., & Jiao, C. (2022) · Emerging Adulthood · doi:10.1177/21676968221108828 · Cited by 103
Leader development begins at home: Overparenting harms adolescent leader emergence.
Liu, Z., Riggio, R. E., Day, D. V., Zheng, C., Dai, S., & Bian, Y. (2019) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000402 · Cited by 75
Metadata
- Authors
- Luebbe, A. M., Mancini, K. J., Kiel, E. J., Spangler, B. R., Semlak, J. L., & Fussner, L. M.
- Affiliations
- Miami University (US)
- Clark State Community College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Luebbe, Aaron M.
- Venue
- Assessment
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2016-08-24
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 841-857
- ISSN
- 1073-1911 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-3489
- OpenAlex
- W2516884230
- Cited by
- 121
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 6.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Assessment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Education › Parental Involvement in Education
- Keywords
- helicopter parenting, emerging adults, emotional functioning, depression, anxiety, decision-making styles, academic functioning, grade point average, parental involvement, parental behavior, bifactor model, construct reliability, parental information seeking
- MeSH terms
- Academic Success, Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Decision Making, Depression, Emotions, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Human Development, Male, Reproducibility of Results, Parenting, Personal Autonomy, Young Adult
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