The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Norms for Letter and Category Fluency: Demographic Corrections for Age, Education, and Ethnicity
Abstract
Letter and category fluency tasks are used to assess semantic knowledge, retrieval ability, and executive functioning. They appear to be useful in detecting different types of dementia, but accurate detection of neuropsychological impairment relies on appropriate normative data. Multiple regression analysis was used to develop demographically corrected norms for letter and category fluency in 768 normal adults. T-score equations were developed on a base subsample of 403, and crossvalidated on a separate subsample (n = 365). Participants ranged in age from 20 years to 101 years; in educational level from 0 to 20 years; 55% were Caucasian and 45% were African American. Together, age, education, and ethnicity were significant predictors of letter and category fluency performance, accounting for 15% and 25% of variance, respectively. Formulas and tables for converting raw fluency scores to demographically corrected T scores are presented.
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Heaton, R. K., Gladsjo, J. A., Palmer, B. W., Kuck, J., Marcotte, T. D., & Jeste, D. V. (2001) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.58.1.24 · Cited by 618
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RIPPETH, J. D., HEATON, R. K., CAREY, C. L., MARCOTTE, T. D., MOORE, D. J., GONZALEZ, R., WOLFSON, T., GRANT, I., & GROUP, T. H. (2004) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617704101021 · Cited by 435
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Metadata
- Authors
- Gladsjo, J. A., Schuman, C. C., Evans, J. D., Peavy, G. M., Miller, S. W., & Heaton, R. K.
- Venue
- Assessment
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1999-06
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 147-178
- ISSN
- 1073-1911 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-3489
- OpenAlex
- W1987259395
- Cited by
- 548
- References
- 28
- FWCI
- 1.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Gladsjo, J. A., Schuman, C. C., Evans, J. D., Peavy, G. M., Miller, S. W., & Heaton, R. K. (1999). Norms for Letter and Category Fluency: Demographic Corrections for Age, Education, and Ethnicity. Assessment. https://doi.org/10.1177/107319119900600204
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
