Defensible Space Undefended: Social Factors in Crime Control Through Environmental Design
Abstract
The notion that crime can be prevented through environmental design is a recent and promising idea emerging from the fields of architecture and urban planning. However, despite intriguing correlations between crime rates and features of building design, we understand little about the social processes which induce residents to intervene to stop crimes and disorderly behavior in the spaces around them. This article investigates the conditions under which residents of an American inner-city housing project act and fail to act to defend both architecturally defensible and undefensible spaces. Because of the fragmented social fabric, even architecturally defensible spaces here are undefended.
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Territoriality varies between cultures, neighbourhoods and individual groups.
“Indeed, Merry (1981) observes how territoriality varies between cultures, neighbourhoods and individual groups.”
From Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED): a review and modern bibliography (2005) · cites this paper as Merry (1981)
Merry identified 'undefended space' where cultural and social factors influence the propensity for resident action and self-policing.
“Merry (1981) identified 'undefended space' where cultural and social factors influence the propensity for resident action and self-policing.”
From Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED): a review and modern bibliography (2005) · cites this paper as Merry (1981)
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- Authors
- Merry, S. E.
- Affiliations
- Wellesley College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Merry, Sally E.
- ORCID
- Merry, Sally E.
- Venue
- Urban Affairs Quarterly
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1981-06
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 397-422
- ISSN
- 0042-0816 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2089347742
- Cited by
- 178
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 14.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Urban Affairs Quarterly (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies
- Social Sciences › Law › Criminal Justice and Penology
- Keywords
- defensible space, crime prevention through environmental design, crime rates, building design, social fragmentation, urban disorder
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Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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