The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Role of Vitamins and Minerals on the Immune System
Abstract
It has long been recognized that individuals living in poverty who suffer from malnutrition are more susceptible to infections and certain diseases due to deficiencies in macronutrients such as proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. More recently, it has come to light that micronutrients such as several vitamins and minerals also play major roles in boosting the immune system to protect against certain infections, inflammation, and possibly some cancers. This article discusses the various immune boosting properties of several micronutrients.
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In the citing paper
“Immune function may be improved by restoring deficient micronutrients to recommended levels, thereby increasing resistance to infection and supporting faster recovery when infected.”
From Immune function and micronutrient requirements change over the life course (2018) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“Various micronutrients are essential for immunocompetence, particularly vitamins A, C, D, E, B2, B6, and B12, folic acid, iron, selenium, and zinc.”
From Immune function and micronutrient requirements change over the life course (2018) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“poor nutritional status predisposes to certain infections.”
From Immune function and micronutrient requirements change over the life course (2018) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“As outlined in Table 1, micronutrients have essential roles in the immune system and an inadequate intake may have deleterious effects [4].”
From Immune function and micronutrient requirements change over the life course (2018) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“Micronutrient deficiencies also have immunological consequences in infants and young children, and can increase morbidity and mortality from many diseases, including pneumonia, diarrheal disease, and measles [4,49].”
From Immune function and micronutrient requirements change over the life course (2018) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“Immune defenses can be impaired by undernutrition, which increases susceptibility to infection [4,5,70].”
From Immune function and micronutrient requirements change over the life course (2018) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“The development, maintenance and optional functioning of immune cells is dependent on adequate nutrition, evident at all stages of life [4,5,33,49,69].”
From Immune function and micronutrient requirements change over the life course (2018) · cites this paper as [4]
Citations
Cites
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Vitamin D: its role and uses in immunology 1
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Contribution of Selected Vitamins and Trace Elements to Immune Function
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Percival, S. (1998) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/67.5.1064s · Cited by 370
Nutrition and the immune system from birth to old age
Chandra, R. (2002) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601492 · Cited by 369
The immune system: a target for functional foods?
Calder, P. C., & Kew, S. (2002) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn2002682 · Cited by 359
Faster plasma vitamin E disappearance in smokers is normalized by vitamin C supplementation
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–115 of 115
Ayu, I. M., Sumayya, S., Handayani, R. P., Nitami, M., & Sitanggang, H. D. (2022) · Jurnal Kesehatan · doi:10.26630/jk.v13i1.2806
“Defisiensi mikronutrien berdampak buruk pada sistem kekebalan dan diketahui dapat meningkatkan risiko morbiditas dan mortalitas, seperti campak, pneumonia, dan diare (Alpert, 2017; Gombart et al., 2020).”
BackgroundShakeri, M., Rahmanian, V., Hooshmand, F., Bina, N., & Jahromi, A. S. (2023) · Trends in Medical Sciences · doi:10.5812/tms-132249
Abdellatif, A. O., Alnoor, A. A. E., Ali, E. M. E., Alkhalifa, K. H. A., & Mohamed, R. M. E. (2023) · Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology · doi:10.55544/jrasb.2.2.33
“Multiple studies suggest that increasing B6 intake via diet or supplementation improves some immune functions in those who are B6 deficient (Alpert, 2017; BourBour et al., 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialRole of Immunity Against COVID-19
Singh, N. (2023) · BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS eBooks · doi:10.2174/9789815165944123010013
The Role of Mineral and Synbiotic to Enhance Immunity During Covid-19 Pandemic : A Literature Review
Setyaningtyas, S. W., Atmaka, D. R., Rachmah, Q., Haryana, N. R., Rifqi, M. A., Diana, R., Nastiti, A. N., & Agustin, A. M. (2023) · Media Gizi Indonesia · doi:10.20473/mgi.v18i3.226-235
“The free form of zinc has an immediate antiviral effect (Alpert, 2017).”
BackgroundElucidating the pathogenicity, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of COVID-19 – Part II
Khatri, M., & Mahalaxmi, S. (2022) · SRM Journal of Research in Dental Sciences · doi:10.4103/srmjrds.srmjrds_112_22
Olusanya, R. N. (2023) · ResearchSpace (University of KwaZulu-Natal) · doi:10.29086/10413/23058
Evaluation of the effect of iron, zinc and selenium on metabolic processes in viral diseases
LENO, O. R., REPETA, K. A., STOROZHYNSKA, M. V., Fedevych, Y. M., & Pokotylo, P. (2024) · Experimental and Clinical Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.25040/ecpb2024.02.046
Vitamins: Antioxidant Micronutrients and the Immune Response
Muhammad, F. M., & Pambuk, C. I. A. (2024) · European Journal of Medical and Health Research · doi:10.59324/ejmhr.2024.2(6).14
MICRONUTRIENT STATUS IN CHILDREN INFECTED WITH THE SARS-COV-2 VIRUS
Pavlyshyn, H., & Лабівка, О. В. (2024) · Eastern Ukrainian Medical Journal · doi:10.21272/eumj.2024;12(4):788-797
“Vitamin D regulates the immune system and reduces inflammatory processes [14, 15].”
Махова, А. А., Fedorova, T. A., & Ших, Е. В. (2024) · Consilium Medicum · doi:10.26442/20751753.2024.12.203044
Immune-enhancing role of vitamin A-Narrative review
Ibraheem, M. M., Hameed, T. J., & Mezher, M. A. (2024) · Baghdad Journal of Biochemistry and Applied Biological Sciences · doi:10.47419/bjbabs.v5i2.215
Anti-inflammatory Diet: An Evidence-Based Understanding
Howard, R., Schulman, A., Perez, A., Levine, J., Yuder, E., & Nwankwo, A. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-92079-0_2
A mathematical and neural network-based model of HIV dynamics with omega-3 and protein interventions
Zubair, T., Zanib, S. A., Rana, P., Abbas, N., & Shatanawi, W. (2025) · Advances in Complex Systems · doi:10.1142/s1793962325500758
Metadata
- Authors
- Alpert, P. T.
- Affiliations
- Arizona College, Las Vegas Campus, NV, USA
- Corresponding author
- Alpert, Patricia T.
- Venue
- Home Health Care Management & Practice
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2017-06-06
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 199-202
- ISSN
- 1084-8223 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-6739
- OpenAlex
- W2621887820
- Semantic Scholar
- a48e42c800ffa8225354da805a2248bd37246a19
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 8.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Home Health Care Management & Practice (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutrition and Health Studies
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Trace Elements in Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- vitamins, minerals, micronutrients, immune system, malnutrition, infection susceptibility, inflammation, cancer prevention, poverty
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