The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The marital and family functioning of adults with ADHD and their spouses
Abstract
Little is known about the family relationships of adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Thus, the marital adjustment and family functioning of 33 married adults with ADHD and their spouses was compared to 26 non-ADHD control participants and their spouses. Results revealed that married adults with ADHD reported poorer overall marital adjustment on the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS; Spanier, 1989) and more family dysfunction on the Family Assessment Device (FAD; Eptein, Baldwin, & Bishop, 1983) than control adults. The spouses of adults with ADHD did not differ from control spouses in reports of overall marital adjustment and family dysfunction. A greater proportion of their marital adjustment scores, however, fell within the maladjusted range. The ADHD adults' perceptions of the health of their marriages and families were more negative than their spouses' perceptions. The way in which spouses of ADHD adults compensated for their partners' difficulties were explored through clinical interviews. The findings in this study underscore the need for assessments and treatments to address marital and family functioning of adults with ADHD.
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“The presence of strong, understanding, and accommodating social connections can significantly enhance their overall quality of life (Babinski et al. 2019; Eakin et al. 2004; Fuller‐Thomson et al. 2022).”
From “I Felt Like a Burden”: An Exploration Into the Experience of Romantic Relationships for People With ADHD (2026) · cites this paper as Eakin et al. 2004
In the citing paper
“The subtheme, “Lost in Thought, Lost in Love,” reflects some of the relational difficulties linked to attention regulation differences in ADHD, such as differences in active listening, partner understanding, and conflict resolution (Eakin et al. 2004; Öncü and Kişlak 2022).”
From “I Felt Like a Burden”: An Exploration Into the Experience of Romantic Relationships for People With ADHD (2026) · cites this paper as Eakin et al. 2004
Citations
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Research works printed but not linked: 6
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“…skills (Barnes et al., 2022; Blair & Razza, 2007; Castles et al., 2018; Follmer, 2018; Jacob & Parkinson, 2015; Peng & Kievit, 2020), but also, for example, career success (Prince et al., 2007), marriage satisfaction (Eakin et al., 2004), and physical and mental health (Moffitt et al., 2011).”
Finegold, K. E., Wade, M., Marini, F. C., Brown, H. K., Vigod, S. N., Shiri, R., & Dennis, C. (2025) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579425000276 · Cited by 1
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It Takes Two: Intimate Partner Violence According to Both Partners in Young Adult ADHD Couples
Wymbs, B. T., Pickel, C. T., Evans, S. W., Zoccola, P. M., Shorey, R. C., & Toback, L. M. (2025) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/10870547251382679
“Partners of adults with ADHD report that their partners’ symptoms interfere with their functioning in domains crucial for sustaining healthy romantic relationships, including emotion regulation (Eakin et al., 2004; Robin & Payson, 2002).”
Deng, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., & Huang, S. (2025) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2025.101229
Elsheikh, M. M., Naguib, R. M., Rahman, O. I. A., & Elawady, S. A. (2025) · Middle East Current Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s43045-025-00591-1 · Cited by 1
“Eakin et al. [60] found that adults with ADHD and their spouses had considerably worse marital adjustment and family functioning than non-ADHD couples, which is in line with the current findings.”
Ledochowski, J., Mossad, S. I., Tal, T. E., Mohamed, I., Ng, L., Jeyanathan, A., Davis, A., Hiraki, L. T., Levy, D. M., Danguecan, A. N., et al. (2026) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297049.2026.2618198
“EF is important for functioning in across multiple domains including academic and occupational success, relationships, socioemotional development, and mental and physical health (Bailey et al., 2018; Brock et al., 2009; Davis et al., 2010; Eakin et al., 2004).”
Attention deficit disorder in adults: features of social and family relationships
Chutko, L. S., Surushkina, S. Y., Yakovenko, E. A., & Scheglova, L. V. (2026) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro202612601113
Diagnosis and Management of Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
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Vijin, J., Iyer, V. H. A., Harikesavan, K., Chaudhary, B., Prem, V., & Lakshmi, V. (2026) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.2989/17280583.2026.2663026
Ayano, G., Pollard, C. M., Rooney, R. M., & Alati, R. (2026) · SpringerBriefs in modern perspectives on disability research. · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-8712-4_11
Walther, C. A. P. (2014) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)
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(2006) · PubMed Central · Cited by 238
(2014) · Zero to three · Cited by 40
Metadata
- Authors
- Eakin, L., Minde, K., Hechtman, L., Ochs, E., Krane, E., Bouffard, R., Greenfield, B., & Looper, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Virginia (US)
- McGill University (CA)
- University of Victoria (CA)
- Halifax, Canada
- Jewish General Hospital (CA)
- Venue
- Journal of Attention Disorders
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2004-08
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-10
- ISSN
- 1087-0547 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-1246
- OpenAlex
- W2060747776
- Cited by
- 318
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 2.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Attention Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Demography › Family Dynamics and Relationships
- Keywords
- adult ADHD, marital adjustment, family functioning, spouses, family dysfunction, Dyadic Adjustment Scale, Family Assessment Device, spousal perceptions
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Conflict, Psychological, Family Relations, Female, Humans, Male, Marital Therapy, Marriage, Middle Aged, Personal Satisfaction, Psychological Tests, Psychometrics, Reference Values, Spouses
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