Can Your Phone Be Your Therapist? Young People’s Ethical Perspectives on the Use of Fully Automated Conversational Agents (Chatbots) in Mental Health Support

Kretzschmar, Kira, Tyroll, Holly, Pavarini, Gabriela, Manzini, Arianna, Singh, Ilina, NeurOx Young People’s Advisory Group·2019·Biomedical Informatics Insights
DOI 10.1177/1178222619829083

Cited by (269)

Items 201–269 of 269

  1. Knowledge Discovery and Scientometric Analysis of Conversational Artificial Intelligence (CAI) for Mental Health
    Muhammad Luthfi Hidayat, Istiak Ahmad, Moh. Hasbi Assidiqi, Tariq Jamil Saifullah Khanzada, Maram Meccawy · 2025 · International Conference on Innovation in Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things (AIIT)
  2. Use of generative AI for health among urban youth in Pakistan: A mixed-methods study
    Ahsan Mashhood, Aamna Ahmed, Inaya Khan, Maryam Hashim, Sara Baloch · 2026 · PLOS Digital Health
  3. “It's not that I don't trust the bot, but can it actually help?” Listening to Young Adults’ Experience With the Transparency Designs of an Image-based Sexual Abuse Victim Support AI Chatbot
    Yuying Tan, Karolien Poels, Heidi Vandebosch, Sara Pabian, Nicola Henry, Alice Witt · 2025 · International Conference on Information Technology for Social Good (GoodIT)
  4. Counseling Professionals’ Perspectives on AI Integration in Education and Supervision: A Concept Mapping Study
    Hank Crofford, Elif Bor, Gülşah Kemer · 2026 · Counselor Education and Supervision
  5. Perspectives of Individuals With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder on the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Therapy and Treatment: Thematic Qualitative Study
    Daniel Mokhtar, Harrison D. Wang, Emma C Garland, Dejan Shakya, Lucas Occhino-Moede, Elisa Liu, Adam Charles Frank · 2026 · Journal of Participatory Medicine
  6. Un chatbot para dejar de fumar. ¿Será el futuro?
    Gonzalo Segrelles‐Calvo, Ana María de Granda-Beltrán, José Ignacio de Granda‐Orive · 2020 · Adicciones
  7. AI in Healthcare: Malignant or Benign?
    Nathan Lloyd, Arjab Singh Khuman · 2022 · Brain informatics and health
  8. Digitization of Mental Health Services
    Lagnajita Chatterjee, Rumela Sengupta · 2022 · Advances in healthcare information systems and administration book series
  9. Design de um chatbot para o diálogo com universitários com possível perfil depressivo
    Isabella da Costa Pires, Helena de Medeiros Caseli, Vânia Paula de Almeida Néris · 2023
  10. Exploring advantages and challenges of chatbot integration in human-robot interaction
    Bobby Lukose, Jayanthiladevi · 2023 · i-manager’s Journal on Software Engineering
  11. Innovative Approaches to Addressing Pediatric Mental Health
    Gary Maslow, Richard J. Chung, Nicole Heilbron, Barbara Keith Walter · 2024 · Pediatric Clinics of North America
  12. A Grounded Well-being Conversational Agent with Multiple Interaction Modes: Preliminary Results
    Xinxin Yan, Ndapa Nakashole · 2021 · Workshop on NLP for Positive Impact (NLP4PI)
  13. Separation, Connection, and the Anticipation of Uncertain (Digital) Futures: Care, Covid-19 Lockdowns and Mental Health
    Ian M. Tucker · 2021 · Studies in the psychosocial
  14. Leveraging Conversational AI for Adult ADHD Management: Enhancing Social Skills and Daily Functioning
    Elizabeth Ango Fomuso Ekellem · 2024
  15. AI Privacy in Context: A Comparative Study of Public and Institutional Discourse on Conversational AI Privacy in the US and China
    Renwen Zhang, Han Zao Li, Afonso, Zihan Liu, Yi‐Chieh Lee · 2024
  16. Digital Mental Health Intervention Uptake Among Distressed New Zealand High School Students in a Comprehensive Survey: Implications for Digital Help Provision
    Jessica Shaw · 2021
  17. AIM and mHealth, Smartphones and Apps
    Joseph Davids, Hutan Ashrafian · 2021 · Springer eBooks
  18. AIM and mHealth, Smartphones and Apps
    Joseph Davids, Hutan Ashrafian · 2022 · Springer eBooks
  19. Social media bots as active disseminators of COVID-19 news (Preprint)
    Ahmed Al‐Rawi, Vishal Shukla · 2020
  20. Cliniques psychothérapeutiques
    Anne‐Françoise Allaz · 2020 · Psychothérapies
  21. The impact of question format on teenagers’ self-disclosure when answering health-related questions: a within-subject experimental design (Preprint)
    Oumaima Nassih, Sylvain Sénécal, Constantinos K. Coursaris, Pierre‐Majorique Léger, Laurie-Jade Rochon · 2022
  22. Can digital health researchers make a difference during the pandemic? Results of the chatbot-led Elena+: Care for COVID-19 intervention (Preprint)
    Joseph Ollier, Pavani Suryapalli, Elgar Fleisch, Florian von Wangenheim, Jacqueline Louise Mair, Alicia Salamanca-Sanabria, Tobias Kowatsch · 2022
  23. Can Digital Technologies Change Schizophrenia Care?
    Raquel Simões de Almeida, Tiago A. N. Silva · 2022 · Advances in medical technologies and clinical practice book series
  24. A Review of the Use of Neural Models of Language and Conversation to Support Mental Health
    Zoraida Callejas, Fernando Fernández-Martínez, Anna Aurelia Esposito, David Griol · 2023 · Smart innovation, systems and technologies
  25. Mobile Apps for mental health: Literature review
    Anton Sergeevich Gaidai, Ruslan Vasitovich Kadyrov, Т. В. Капустина · 2023 · Психолог
  26. Digital Mental Health Interventions for Children and Youth
    Alexandra Silva Machado, Bianca Ferreira, Catarina Ye Pereira, Carolina Carrola, Bruno Bastos Vieira de Melo, Carlos Campos · 2023 · Advances in medical technologies and clinical practice book series
  27. “I knew where help was.” Identifying Substance Use Patterns, Associated Predictors of Harm, and Barriers to Help Seeking among Music Festival Attendees: The Development of a Targeted Harm Reduction Intervention
    Chloe L. Rayner · 2024
  28. Design of a Chatbot for Relieving Academic Stress in Adolescent Students
    Aditi Malik, Tarun Kumar · 2024 · Lecture notes in networks and systems
  29. Human-AI Collaboration Supporting GPT-4o Achieving Human-Level User Feedback in Emotional Support Conversations: Integrative Modeling and Prompt Engineering Approaches (Preprint)
    Yinghui Huang, Lie Li, Wanghao Dong, Yuhang Dong, Yingdan Huang, Hui Liu · 2024
  30. Personalized User Interface Design For Psychological Counseling Chatbots: A Pilot Study
    Yi-Xuan Liu, I‐Hsien Ting, Darío Liberona, Mei-Yun Hsu · 2024 · Multidisciplinary International Social Networks Conference (MISNC)
  31. Navigating Health Applications Realms: Consent Challenges and User Empowerment in European Law
    Petra Müllerová · 2024 · Lecture notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering
  32. A digitális jóllét pozitív pszichológiai megközelítésben
    Hajnalka Turóczi, Ágota Kun · 2025 · Magyar Pszichológiai Szemle
  33. A Mobile Application for Mexican Youth Alcohol Interventions
    Leonardo J. Gutiérrez, Mario O. Parra, Luís A. Castro, Oresti Baños · 2024 · Avances en Interacción Humano-Computadora
  34. Innovation in Health Services
    Jazmín Rodríguez-Flores, Josué Román Martínez-Mireles, Marco Antonio García-Márquez, Brenda Berenice García-Escorza, Arturo Austria-Cornejo, Eric Simancas-Acevedo · 2025 · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series
  35. Serenify: An AI-Powered Virtual Therapist for Accessible Mental Health Support
    Vidul Pratap Chauhan, Vaishali Goel · 2025 · International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology
  36. Conversational Agent-Based Mental Health Support for Students: Identifying Psychosocial Resources and Stressors with WUM
    Julian Striegl, Maximilan Buchholz, Tillmann Auguszt, Claudia Loitsch · 2025 · Lecture notes in computer science
  37. Navigating Ethical Challenges of AI Chatbots for Sex Therapy
    Miaojia Fu, William Chan · 2025 · Oxford University Press eBooks
  38. The Acceptability of AI-Driven Resource Signposting to Young People Using a Mental Health Peer Support App
    Bethany Cliffe, Lucy Biddle, Jessica Gore-Rodney, Myles-Jay Linton · 2025 · Digital Society
  39. Chatbots in Higher Education: Supporting Student Engagement and Retention
    Zaleha Binti Abdullah · 2025 · Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation/Advances in science, technology & innovation
  40. From Meta-Requirements to Design Principles: Building a Conversational Agent for Domestic Violence Survivor Support
    Abdulrahman Aldkheel, Lina Zhou · 2025 · SSRN Electronic Journal
  41. New Developments in Mental Healthcare: Investigation on the Impact of Telepsychiatry and Cutting-Edge Technologies
    Lorenzo Sanesi, Domenica Lorusso · 2025 · Communications in computer and information science
  42. Artificial Intelligence and Human Psychology
    Faika Şanal Karahan · 2025 · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series
  43. AI in Communication and Its Impact on Interpersonal and Group Interaction
    A. Rahmath Nisha, A.K. Subramani, A. R. Gayathri, R. Durai Pandian · 2025 · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series
  44. The Experience of Everyday Life Alongside Virtual Companions. A Case Study of Human-Chatbot Encounters
    Joanna Wygnańska · 2025 · Qualitative Sociology Review
  45. Vinculação emocional com Inteligência Artificial na solidão: Uma perspectiva neuropsicológica a partir de estudo de caso
    Cliciane da Silva Monteiro, Letícia Martins Ribeiro Candido · 2025 · Research Society and Development
  46. Co-created data governance frameworks for youth mental healthcare: Values, principles, and implementation—A scoping review
    Sebastian Rodriguez Duque, Eran Tal, Taite Beggs, Geneviève Gore, Mary Hanna, Natalie Beedle, Georgina Dimitropoulos, Daniel Felsky, S. Ganapathy Iyer, Nicole Kozloff et al. · 2025 · Digital Health
  47. Advancing Human-Computer Interaction in Depression Research: Trends and Hotspots Through a Bibliometric Lens
    Ting Huang, Wei Liu · 2026 · Lecture notes in computer science
  48. A Qualitative Exploration of Post‐Injury Challenges and the Potential Role of the PTSD Coach Mobile Application to Improve Recovery Among Acutely Injured Patients
    Maria L. Pacella‐LaBarbara, Megan Hamm, Neil Kenkre, Enzo G. Plaitano, Natalee Gallo, Harry J. Morford, Eric R. Kuhn, Brian P. Suffoletto · 2026 · Journal of Clinical Psychology
  49. GoodBot: The Engineering and Computer Science Student's Best Friend
    Otávio Lube dos Santos, Davidson Cury, Pedro David Netto Silveira, Wagner Perin, Jadson do Prado Rafalski · 2025 · IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)
  50. An Evaluation of the Use of Automated Chatbots Within One Psychological Therapy and Counselling Service
    Gabriella Jennifer Mutale, Maria Karanika‐Murray, Di Bailey, Steven Brown, Dean Repper, Tim Anstiss · 2026 · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research
  51. AReframedChair: Reframing the Empty Chair through Dyadic and Triadic AR-Mediated Self-Embodiment
    Yongming Li, Ling Ling, Yunpeng Song, Yun Huang, Zhongmin Cai · 2026 · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
  52. Cloning the Self for Mental Well-Being: A Framework for Designing Safe and Therapeutic Self-Clone Chatbots
    Mehrnoosh Sadat Shirvani, Jackie Crowley, Cher Peng, Jackie Liu, Thomas Wen-Chi Chao, Suky Martinez, Laura Brandt, Ig-Jae Kim, Dongwook Yoon · 2026 · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
  53. The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Primary Care: A Systematic literature review
    Elisabetta Reginato, Isabella Fadda, Michela Floris, Paola Paglietti · 2026 · MECOSAN
  54. AuraCare: AI Integrated Mental Health Companion
    Dharan Balaji S B, Akash Selvadoss N, Rahul K, Saranya M, Swarna Gowsalya P · 2026 · International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS)
  55. Generative AI in Surgical Care: Evaluating Large Language Model Performance in Patient Education
    Anne E. Hall, Archi K. Patel, Kaavian Shariati, Amanda T. Perrotta, Alexander A. Argame, Charles Y. Tseng, Chi‐Hong Tseng, Marco A. Hidalgo, Justine C. Lee · 2025 · Journal of Artificial Intelligence for Medical Sciences
  56. “I Don’t Trust AI”: A Generic Qualitative Analysis of College-Aged Mental Health Clients’ Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence Used in Mental Health Counseling
    Daniel Bates, Carly Antor, Paige Kammeyer, William W. Lorey, Timothy J. Hakenewerth · 2026 · Behavioral Sciences
  57. Tecnologia e saúde: uma realidade em constante avanço
    Luiza Albuquerque de Assis, PEDRO AUGUSTO CARACCIOLO LAGANARO, Julia Seeder Iacona, Aline Evangelista Santiago · 2026 · Femina
  58. Ein Ethics-Check-Framework für Conversational-AI-Life-Agents: Ein fuzzybasiertes Bewertungsschema, angewendet auf die FCCC-Architektur
    Sophie Hundertmark · 2026 · Informatik-Spektrum
  59. Cross-Cultural Analysis of User Perceptions and Acceptance of AI-Based Mental Health Chatbots
    Yisa Wu, Pei‐Luen Patrick Rau, Yankuan Liu · 2026 · Lecture notes in computer science
  60. A Review on- Use of AI in Stress Management Among Gen Z
    Manali Prakash Bhosale, Hemlata Vivek Gaikwad · 2026 · Lecture notes in networks and systems
  61. Can AI Heal? A Conceptual Exploration of the Potential of AI in Mental Healthcare
    Harshith B. Nair, Laura Marika Vowels · 2026 · Springer eBooks
  62. Who is Responsible for Teens’ AI Companion Overreliance? Reddit Community Responses to Disclosures of Teens' Overreliance on Character.AI
    Mohammad Namvarpour, Ananya Mhetras, Jessica Y. Medina, Mamtaj Akter, Afsaneh Razi · 2026 · ACM Conference on Conversational User Interfaces (CUI)
  63. Of Nostalgia, Trust, and Intimacy: AI Tool Usage among the Undergraduate Students of Bangladesh in Nonacademic Contexts
    Md. Alvi Islam Ratul, F Haque, Pratyasha Saha, Jannatun Noor, S M Taiabul Haque · 2026 · ACM SIGCAS/SIGCHI Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies (COMPASS)
  64. Exploration on the Influence of Artificial Intelligence Application in Mental Health on People’s Help-Seeking Behaviour and Mental Health Awareness
    Qingdi Gu · 2026 · Frontiers in Humanities and Social Sciences
  65. Transforming Human-Centric Mental Health Care: The Role of Conversational Agents
    Federica Zeuli, Francesco Schiavone · 2026 · Springer proceedings in business and economics
  66. I Am Everything They Say I Am Not
    2026 · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks
  67. Exploring the Potential of AI Chatbots in the Promotion of Mental Health at South African Universities
    Matete Madiba, Faeza Khan, Naythan Kayser · 2026 · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks
  68. Optimising AI-mediated wellness interventions’ design, engagement, and adaptation: Introducing the AI-DEA framework for mental health support and psychological change
    Chenxi Wu, Nigel Mantou Lou · 2026 · Journal of Psychology and AI
  69. Psychological vulnerability in conversational AI: How incentive and urgency manipulations alter trust formation and privacy behaviour across healthcare, financial, commercial, and security contexts
    Stephen Aboshi, Daniel Thomas, Yashar Moshfeghi · 2026 · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies