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Ability Profiles in Children with Autism: Influence of Age and IQ
Abstract
To understand the effect of IQ and age on ability in children with autism, psychological data were analyzed for 164 3- to 15-year-olds with autism (IQs 14-143). As age increased, so did IQ, which probably reflects both an actual increase in IQ over time and the likelihood that brighter children are diagnosed later. Early in life, 67 percent had normal motor and delayed speech milestones. Verbal IQ continued to lag behind non-verbal IQ during the preschool years. By school age, the gap between verbal and non-verbal IQs had closed. Visual reasoning exceeded graphomotor scores for all children, and surpassed IQ for most. Graphomotor scores were significantly below IQ for both high-IQ groups. For school-age children with low IQs, math, spelling, and writing scores were consistent with IQ and reading was above IQ. School-age children with high IQs had average reading, math, and spelling scores and a weakness in writing.
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“Similarly, an uneven cognitive profile with a significant discrepancy between verbal and nonverbal IQ (VIQ and NVIQ), or an IQ split, is frequent in ASD, present in over 40% of affected individuals 24,25.”
From Parsing Heterogeneity in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Visual Scanning of Dynamic Social Scenes in School-Aged Children (2012) · cites this paper as [25]
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Items 101–200 of 248
Eisenhower, A., Bush, H. H., & Blacher, J. (2015) · Journal of Applied School Psychology · doi:10.1080/15377903.2015.1056924 · Cited by 33
“…awareness skills that are generally age-appropriate (Lindgren, Folstein, Tomblin, & Tager-Flusberg, 2009; Newman et al., 2007) or above average (Huemer & Mann, 2010; Mayes & Calhoun, 2003), but lower skills in reading comprehension and vocabulary (Grigorenko, Klin, & Volkmar, 2003; Nation, 1999).”
BackgroundThe Conditions of Beginning Reading Instruction for Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Spector, J. E., & Cavanaugh, B. J. (2015) · Remedial and Special Education · doi:10.1177/0741932515579277 · Cited by 27
“The trend toward low reading achievement may be linked in part to cognitive, behavioral, and verbal limitations associated with ASD (e.g., Mayes & Calhoun, 2003; Nation & Norbury, 2005; Williamson, Carnahan, & Jacobs, 2012); however, it may also reflect insufficient access to the instructional…”
BackgroundGabis, L. V., Attia, O. L., Roth‐Hanania, R., & Foss‐Feig, J. H. (2020) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103702 · Cited by 27
Prigge, M. B. D., Bigler, E. D., LANGE, N. D., Morgan, J., Froehlich, A. L., Freeman, A., Kellett, K. A., Kane, K. L., King, C. K., Taylor, J. S., et al. (2021) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-021-05227-x · Cited by 31
A retrospective study of toddlers with autism spectrum disorder: Clinical and developmental profile
Malhi, P., & SINGHI, P. D. (2014) · Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology · doi:10.4103/0972-2327.128537 · Cited by 25
“[26] These studies have shown that behaviors that consistently discriminate toddlers with autism from those with non-autism developmental delays or typical development are orienting to name, eye contact, social referencing, interest in other children, joint attention, affect sharing, and imitation.[27,28]”
BackgroundCognitive Skills of Young Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder Using the BSID-III
Long, C. E., Gurka, M. J., & Blackman, J. A. (2011) · Autism Research and Treatment · doi:10.1155/2011/759289 · Cited by 30
“For example, a study by Mayes and Calhoun questioned the validity of using cognition to distinguish between children with autism and Asperger syndrome [10].”
BackgroundMiranda, B. R., Berenguer, C., Baixauli, I., Diago, C. C., & Miranda, A. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0207286 · Cited by 31
Take the Pencil Out of the Process
Broun, L. (2009) · Teaching Exceptional Children · doi:10.1177/004005990904200102 · Cited by 25
“Motor dysfunction is now considered by some researchers (Mayes & Calhoun, 2003; Ming et al.; Smith, 2004) to be a “soft” sign or associated symptom of autism—one that is not required for diagnosis, but one that is highly prevalent across the spectrum.”
BackgroundInfluentialLizotte, M. (2018) · International Journal of Education and Practice · doi:10.18488/journal.61.2018.64.179.191 · Cited by 24
Park, M., Song, J., Oh, S. J., Shin, M., Lee, J. H., & Oh, S. H. (2015) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2015/313274 · Cited by 24
Cognitive indicators of different levels of special educational support needs in autism
Aljunied, M., & Frederickson, N. L. (2010) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2010.05.002 · Cited by 27
Mazzoni, N., Ricciardelli, P., Actis-Grosso, R., & Venuti, P. (2021) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-021-05015-7 · Cited by 27
Peristeri, E., Frantzidιs, C. A., & Ανδρέου, Μ. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1357590 · Cited by 27
Lisiecka, D., Holt, R., Tait, R. J., Ford, M., Lai, M.-C., Chura, L. R., Baron‐Cohen, S., Spencer, M. D., & Suckling, J. (2015) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2015.23 · Cited by 22
Sari, N. P., Luijk, M. P. C. M., Prinzie, P., van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Jansen, P. W. (2021) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-021-00421-2 · Cited by 21
“But non-verbal and verbal IQ are not independent [19], and non-verbal IQ might be used as a proxy of overall IQ in large samples and among individuals with communicative problems (e.”
BackgroundSurtees, A. D. R., Richards, C., Clarkson, E., Heald, M., Trickett, J., Denyer, H., Crawford, H., & Oliver, C. (2019) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101439 · Cited by 24
Developmental Patterns in Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Preschool Children
Martelli, M. E., Gigliotti, F., Giovannone, F., Lentini, G., Manti, F., & Sogos, C. (2025) · Children · doi:10.3390/children12020125 · Cited by 20
“Moreover, the relationship between IQ, language abilities, and adaptive functioning was well documented [48,49].”
Assessment of personal narrative writing in children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder
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“To date, research studies relying on standardized writing assessments indicate that a majority of children with ASD, and average intelligence, have written language scores that are below expectations based on their standardized full-scale IQ scores (e.g., Mayes & Calhoun, 2003, 2006, 2008).”
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“…autism (Frith & Snowling, 1983; Szatmari, Tuff, Finlayson, & Bartolucci, 1990; Minshew, Goldstein, Taylor, & Siegel, 1994; O’Connor & Hermelin, 1994; Mayes & Calhoun, 2003; O’Connor & Klein, 2004; Turkeltaub et al., 2004; Davidson & Ellis Weismer, 2014); on the other, a few studies reported that…”
Markoulakis, R., Scharoun, S. M., Bryden, P. J., & Fletcher, P. C. (2012) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1469-0 · Cited by 18
Challenging the Assumptions About the Frequency and Coexistence of Learning Disability Types
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“When studies actually evaluate writing skills (and not simply spelling), the prevalence of LD in written expression in clinical children is actually greater than LD in reading or mathematics (Mayes and Calhoun, 2003a, 2003b, 2006, in press a, in press b; Mayes et al., 2000; Schuerholz et al., 1995).”
BackgroundLi, B., Barney, E. C., Hudac, C. M., Nuechterlein, N., Ventola, P. E., Shapiro, L. G., & Shic, F. (2020) · ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications (ETRA) · doi:10.1145/3379155.3391334 · Cited by 16
“Several studies suggest IQ can be used as a predictor for young children with autism [Charman et al. 2011; Harris and Handleman 2000; Mayes and Calhoun 2003].”
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Mayes, S. D., Calhoun, S. L., Baweja, R. K., & Waschbusch, D. A. (2020) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-020-04697-9 · Cited by 17
Barnett, J. E. H., & Cleary, S. (2019) · Preventing School Failure Alternative Education for Children and Youth · doi:10.1080/1045988x.2019.1608897 · Cited by 14
“Further, students with ASD may experience difficulty when the curriculum stresses problem solving, higher-level thinking, and mathematical reasoning, skills cited by researchers as weakness areas for children and youth with ASD (Mayes & Calhoun, 2003a; Whitby & Mancil, 2009).”
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“Upwards of 70% of children with ASD experience motor development delays (Berkeley, Zittel, Pitney, & Nichols, 2001; Manjiviona & Prior, 1995; Mari, Castiello, Marks, Marraffa, & Prior, 2003; Mayes & Calhoun, 2003).”
Dempsey, E. E., Smith, I. M., Flanagan, H. E., Duku, E., Lawrence, M. A., Szatmári, P., Zwaigenbaum, L., Vaillancourt, T., Volden, J., Mirenda, P., et al. (2018) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191118818754 · Cited by 14
“Complementary to our results, Mayes and Calhoun (2003) also found that the discrepancy between nonverbal and verbal IQ decreased earlier (i.e., when younger) for children with greater cognitive abilities.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialVerma, P., & Lahiri, U. (2021) · Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40489-020-00234-7 · Cited by 13
Generalisation in students with autism spectrum disorder: an exploratory study of strategies
Goñi-Cervera, J., Cañadas, M. C., & Polo-Blanco, I. (2022) · ZDM · doi:10.1007/s11858-022-01415-w · Cited by 27
“As a consequence, nearly a quarter of school-aged students with ASD have a learning disability in mathematics, compared with 5% to 8% of all school-age children (Mayes & Calhoun, 2003).”
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Dockrell, J. E., Ricketts, J., Palikara, O., Charman, T., & Lindsay, G. (2012) · Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick) · doi:10.13140/2.1.1229.9527 · Cited by 12
Physically Active Living for Individuals with ASD
Staples, K. L., Reid, G., Pushkarenko, K., & Crawford, S. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-8065-6_25 · Cited by 12
“The recalled age of independent walking has been more equivocal, where one study reported that majority of children with ASD began walking within typical ranges ( Mayes & Calhoun, 2003 ) and another reported that approximately 50% were slow to walk (Manjiviona & Prior, 1995).”
ResultThe Acceptance Level of Low Functioning Autism while Using Virtual Reality Head-Mounted Display
Junaidi, A. R., Dewantoro, D. A., Yuwono, J., Irvan, M., Alamsyah, Y., & Mulyawati, N. W. (2021) · doi:10.1109/icet53279.2021.9575117 · Cited by 11
Issues Related to the WISC-V Assessment of Cognitive Functioning in Clinical and Special Groups
Miller, J., Saklofske, D. H., Weiss, L. G., Drozdick, L. W., Llorente, A. M., Holdnack, J. A., & Prifitera, A. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-404697-9.00010-8 · Cited by 12
Aydın, O., & Tekin-İftar, E. (2019) · Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi · doi:10.21565/ozelegitimdergisi.521232 · Cited by 10
Dale, B. A., Finch, W. H., Shellabarger, K. A. R., & Davis, A. (2021) · Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment · doi:10.1177/07342829211025924 · Cited by 11
“Prior to theWISC-IV, Block Design was the highest of the nonverbal subtests in children with autism on previous versions of theWISC (e.g., WISC-R and WISC-III; Mayes & Calhoun, 2003a, 2003b, 2004; Siegel et al., 1996).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialCasula, L., Logrieco, M. G., D’Urso, G., Guerrera, S., Petrolo, E., Nicolì, I., Celentano, V., Toto, G. A., Vicari, S., Fasolo, M., et al. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13061565 · Cited by 12
“A previous research endeavor examining the repercussions of SES on autistic symptoms revealed a correlation between lower SES and heightened emotional and behavioral difficulties, potentially exacerbating adaptive behaviors in individuals with ASD [43].”
BackgroundOdermatt, S. D., Möhring, W., Grieder, S., & Grob, A. (2022) · Journal of Intelligence · doi:10.3390/jintelligence10040112 · Cited by 12
Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children with an Early History of Paediatric Acquired Brain Injury
Porter, M. A., Sugden-Lingard, S., Brunsdon, R. K., & Benson, S. G. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12134361 · Cited by 9
Developmental milestones as early indicators of twice-exceptionality
LeBeau, B. C., Schabilion, K., Assouline, S. G., Foley‐Nicpon, M., Doobay, A. F., & Mahatmya, D. (2022) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2022.107671 · Cited by 9
Ellis, K., Lewington, P. V. R., Powis, L., Oliver, C., Waite, J., Heald, M., Apperly, I. A., Sandhu, P., & Crawford, H. (2020) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-020-04449-9 · Cited by 14
“Subsequently, the discrepancy observed in many children with autism in which verbal ability is poorer relative to non-verbal ability (Mayes and Calhoun 2016; Ankenman et al.”
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Bardikoff, N., & McGonigle-Chalmers, M. (2014) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2014.06.007 · Cited by 8
Literacy and Numeracy in Children on Autism Spectrum Disorder
Kljajević, V. (2022) · Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s41252-022-00291-5 · Cited by 8
“Research on academic achievement in autistic children suggests that their ability profiles may be affected by age and IQ, with brighter children being diagnosed later (Mayes & Calhoun, 2003).”
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Spaniol, M. M., Magalhães, J., Mevorach, C., Shalev, L., Teixeira, M. C. T. V., Lowenthal, R., & Paula, C. S. (2021) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2021.104041 · Cited by 7
Liu, J., Chang, H., Abrams, D. A., Kang, J. B., Chen, L., Rosenberg‐Lee, M., & Menon, V. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.86035 · Cited by 16
Kroncke, A. P., Willard, M., & Huckabee, H. C. G. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-25504-0_18 · Cited by 8
Whitby, S., & Peggy, J. (2009) · ProQuest LLC eBooks · Cited by 7
Virtual floortime using games to engage children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Sarachan, J. (2012) · IEEE International Games Innovation Conference (IGIC) · doi:10.1109/igic.2012.6329852 · Cited by 7
“However, many children with autism benefit from overall greater visual skills [7].”
BackgroundVisual, Motor, and Visual-Motor Integration Difficulties in Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Oliver, K. L. (2022) · Digital Archive @ GSU · doi:10.57709/4163851 · Cited by 7
Évaluation des capacités motrices d’enfants autistes sur le M-ABC
Pace, M., Dumortier, L., Guinot, M., Favre‐Juvin, A., & Bricout, V. (2016) · Science & Sports · doi:10.1016/j.scispo.2016.08.001 · Cited by 10
TEST OF THE DEFINITION OF LEARNING DISABILITY BASED ON THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IQ AND ACHIEVEMENT
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Sub-Lexical Reading Intervention in a Student with Dyslexia and Asperger's Disorder.
Wright, C. M., Conlon, E. G., Wright, M., & Dyck, M. J. (2011) · Griffith Research Online · Cited by 7
Cognition Processes of ASD Students: Recommendations for Mathematics Teaching and Learning Process
Dr., U. M. G., Fauziyah, N. A., Budayasa, I. K., Prof., U. N. S., Juniati, D., & Prof. Dr., U. N. S. (2022) · International Journal of Instruction · doi:10.29333/iji.2022.15344a · Cited by 10
“The result is in accordance with the findings of Mayes, Calhoun, & Murray (Mayes et al., 2011) that students with ASD with HFA had significantly higher cognitive abilities and higher scores on social interaction and behavioral patterns than those with LFA.”
InfluentialComparing narrative writing of autistic and non-autistic College students
Shevchuk-Hill, S., Szczupakiewicz, S., Kofner, B., & Gillespie‐Lynch, K. (2022) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-022-05516-z · Cited by 6
The effectiveness of using colors in L1 and L2 vocabulary development of autistic children
Altakhaineh, A. R. M., Mahmoud, H., & Abukhater, A. Y. (2020) · Advances in Autism · doi:10.1108/aia-10-2019-0032 · Cited by 6
Verbal Short-Term Memory as Language Predictor in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Junaidi, A. R., Irvan, M., Yuwono, J., Dewantoro, D. A., Alamsyah, Y., & Mulyawati, N. W. (2022) · International Conference on Information Technology and Education (ICITE) · doi:10.1109/icite54466.2022.9759890 · Cited by 6
WISC-IV UK profiles of children with autism spectrum disorder in a specialist autism service
Stack, K., Murphy, R., Prendeville, P., & O’Halloran, M. (2017) · Educational and Child Psychology · doi:10.53841/bpsecp.2017.34.2.40 · Cited by 5
The Comorbid Diagnosis of ASD and ADHD: Clinical and Neuropsychological Perspectives
May, T., Sciberras, E., Hiscock, H., & Rinehart, N. (2016) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-27171-2_14 · Cited by 5
Early academic skills in Chinese children with autism spectrum disorders
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“The above findings are inconsistent with previous investigations (i.e., Griswold, Barnhill, Myles, Hagiwara, & Simpson, 2002; Mayes & Calhoun, 2003; Myles, Barnhill, Hagiwara, Griswold, & Simpson, 2001) indicating that HFA individuals have deficiencies in writing.”
BackgroundResultHandbook of Childhood Psychopathology and Developmental Disabilities: Treatment
Jent, J. F., Brown, T. M., Davidson, B. C., Cruz, L., & Weinstein, A. (2017) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-71210-9_7 · Cited by 7
Defense, D. A., & Fernandes, F. D. M. (2011) · Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia · doi:10.1590/s1516-80342011000300014 · Cited by 5
Mathematical Skills in Autism Spectrum Disorder.Preprint
Peklari, E. (2019) · SSRN Electronic Journal · Cited by 5
Teaching Emergent Literacy Skills to Students with Autism
Laz, L. (2009) · Scholar Works (Boise State University) · Cited by 4
Keller‐Margulis, M. A., Mire, S. S., Garro, E. S. L., Jellinek, E. R., Lozano, I., Hut, A., Luu, M.-L., Izuno‐Garcia, A. K., Erps, K. H., Landry, L. N., et al. (2024) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.23154 · Cited by 3
Bailey, B., & Ray, K. (2024) · Current Developmental Disorders Reports · doi:10.1007/s40474-024-00293-z · Cited by 3
Academic learning challenges and links to vocational outcomes in young autistic adults
Grosman, H. E., Aragon-Guevara, D., McQuaid, G. A., Wallace, G. L., & Lee, N. (2024) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613241255774 · Cited by 4
“Consistent with prior findings on the learning profile of autistic individuals (Mayes & Calhoun, 2003a, 2003b; Solari et al., 2017), these areas included challenges in arithmetic, challenges in orthogra-phy, and a history of learning supports.”
Yakubova, G., Nozari, M., & Lee, Y. (2024) · Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40489-024-00473-y · Cited by 3
EFEITOS DA NATAÇÃO EM PESSOAS COM TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA: PERCEPÇÃO DE PAIS E TERAPEUTAS
de Oliveira, M. C., Masi, F. D., Monteiro, C. E. L., Costa, F. B., & Dantas, E. H. M. (2021) · REVISTA DA ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE ATIVIDADE MOTORA ADAPTADA · doi:10.36311/2674-8681.2020.v21n2.p279-290 · Cited by 3
Developing an educational app for students with autism
Somerton, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2022.998694 · Cited by 3
“Despite the language and communication deficits related to the disorder, many studies have noted that children with ASD, particularly those considered ‘high-functioning’, may still develop phonological awareness or an understanding of the structure of words at age appropriate or above levels (Mayes and Calhoun, 2003;…”
BackgroundIntellectual Development in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Romanova, R. S., & Talantseva, O. I. (2024) · Journal of Modern Foreign Psychology · doi:10.17759/jmfp.2024130106 · Cited by 3
Nowell, K. P., Goin‐Kochel, R. P., McQuillin, S. D., & Mire, S. S. (2017) · Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40489-017-0118-0 · Cited by 5
“Profile Variability and Age In addition to changes in FSIQ with age, there are also indications of significant changes in the relationship between VIQ and NVIQ as individuals develop (Ankenman et al. 2014; Joseph et al. 2002; Mayes and Calhoun 2003a, b; Nowell et al. 2015).”
BackgroundInfluentialCho, H. J., & Lee, H. R. (2017) · Eon'eo cheong'gag jang'ae yeon'gu/Communication sciences & disorders · doi:10.12963/csd.17363 · Cited by 3
“특히, 쓰기 과제의 경우 고기능 ASD 인들은 비 언어적 지능이 높았음에도 공식 쓰기검사에서 매우 낮은 점수를 받거나(Brown, 2013), 쓰기 과제 수행 시 장애 유형의 스펙트럼만 큼이나 변이가 매우 두드러진다고 한다(Foley-Nicpon, Assouline, & Stinson, 2012; Mayes & Calhoun, 2003, 2008).”
Billeiter, K. B., Froiland, J. M., Allen, J. P., & Hajovsky, D. B. (2021) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-021-01175-w · Cited by 4
“Increases in IQ scores in children with ASD has also been reported in other previous studies of preschool children [57, 58] and children between preschool years and early adolescence [59].”
ResultBrown, H. M. (2013) · Scholarship@Western (Western University) · Cited by 3
A treatise on language methods and language-games in autism
Chown, N. P. (2012) · SHURA (Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive) (Sheffield Hallam University) · Cited by 3
Bernier, R., & Dawson, G. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119125556.devpsy303 · Cited by 4
Kittel, P. R. (2013) · Cited by 2
Saranya, E., Chia, N. K. H., & Chia, H. (2013) · Cited by 2
Inflated scaled scores on the digital WISC-V coding subtest in a Canadian sample
O’Brien, A. M., Bartlett, A. N., Frost, N., & Casey, J. E. (2020) · Applied Neuropsychology Child · doi:10.1080/21622965.2020.1773270 · Cited by 2
“Because graphomotor skills will have a lesser impact on digital task performance, these children may achieve higher scores on the new digital version as compared to traditional Coding, an important consideration since motor impairments are documented in autism spectrum disorder (ASD; Barnhill et al., 2000; Dickerson M…”
BackgroundInfluentialHenderson-Faranda, N., Newbury, J., & Sutherland, D. (2022) · Australian Journal of Learning Difficulties · doi:10.1080/19404158.2021.2021962 · Cited by 2
Mentalization and cognitive skills in men with Klinefelter syndrome versus non-clinical controls
Fjermestad, K. W., Bergh, N., Fleten, S. K., Huster, R. J., Gravholt, C. H., & Solbakk, A. (2023) · Psychiatry Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.psycom.2023.100116 · Cited by 3
Role of microRNAs in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Sarachana, T., & Hu, V. W. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118695999.ch14 · Cited by 2
Olech, M., Jurek, P., Radtke, B. M., Sajewicz‐Radtke, U., & Łada‐Maśko, A. (2024) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/s41597-024-03663-9 · Cited by 2
LeBeau, B. C., Foley‐Nicpon, M., Doobay, A. F., Schabilion, K., Smith, C. L., Berns, A. J., & Assouline, S. G. (2024) · Roeper Review · doi:10.1080/02783193.2024.2309394 · Cited by 2
“Early studies indicated that they are often diagnosed with ASD at a later age than their peers (Cederlund & Gillberg, 2004; Howlin & Asgharian, 1999; Mayes & Calhoun, 2003) and are frequently conferred other diagnoses, including ADHD and OCD, prior to being diagnosed with ASD (Cederlund & Gillberg,…”
BackgroundYllescas, J. C. T., Sala, F. G., & Cerezuela, G. P. (2024) · Revista signos · doi:10.4067/s0718-09342024000100168 · Cited by 1
Koo, M., Jung, S., Lee, J. H., Park, M.-H., Nam, Y., & Kim, H. G. (2024) · Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.13104/imri.2023.0035 · Cited by 1
Henbest, V. S., & Apel, K. (2024) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2024_jslhr-23-00108 · Cited by 1
Kim, S. Y., Youngstrom, E. A., Norris, M., Levine, A. S., Butter, E. M., & Stephenson, K. G. (2025) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/10731911251369977 · Cited by 2
“…have suggested a distinguishing strength and weakness profile on the Wechsler Intelligence Scales with high Block Design and low Comprehension scores (de Bruin et al., 2006; Kuriakose, 2014; Mayes & Calhoun, 2008) highlighting strength in visual reasoning skills (Mayes & Calhoun, 2003b, 2008).”
Qiao, W., & Wang, W. L. (2025) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000046061 · Cited by 1
Autism Spectrum Disorder and Academic Learning
Mammarella, I. C., Lievore, R., & Cardillo, R. (2026) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-11141-8_4 · Cited by 1
Biochemistry of autism: changes in serotonin, reelin and oxytocin
Mukaetova‐Ladinska, E. B., Westwood, J., & Perry, E. K. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511973918.009 · Cited by 1
Enhancing Reading Comprehension for Students with Autism
Merrifield, C. (2011) · Fisher Digital Publications (St. John Fisher College) · Cited by 1
Baum, K. T. (2012) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network) · Cited by 1
Global Functional Performance and Caregiver Assistance in Autism and Asperger Syndrome
Pozzato, M. G. G., Minett, T., Masruha, M. R., & Vilanova, L. C. P. (2014) · Neuroscience & Medicine · doi:10.4236/nm.2014.51007 · Cited by 1
“In a study by Mayes & Calhoun [14], 50% to 73% of children with autism exhibited significant delays in motor function and communication in comparison to normative data for the same age group.”
ResultExamining IQ among a clinical sample of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder over time
Barry, M., Morán, A., Anglim, M., Conway, E. V., & Guérin, S. (2013) · Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/ipm.2013.26 · Cited by 1
“The relationship between cognitive functioning and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has been the subject of previous research (Harris et al. 1991; Sigman & Ruskin, 1999; Mayes & Calhoun, 2003).”
ResultBae, Y. S. (2013) · ProQuest LLC eBooks · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Mayes, S. D., & Calhoun, S. L.
- Affiliations
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Venue
- Autism
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2003-03
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 65-80
- ISSN
- 1362-3613 (ISSN-L)
- 1461-7005
- OpenAlex
- W2059046774
- Cited by
- 247
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 1.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Autism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Keywords
- ability profiles, IQ, age effects, verbal IQ, non-verbal IQ, motor development, speech development, visual reasoning, graphomotor skills, academic performance, reading, writing, spelling, MATH
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Age Factors, Autistic Disorder, Child, Child, Preschool, Cognition Disorders, Female, Humans, Intelligence, Male, Motor Skills, Reading, Speech Disorders, Writing
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