Cited by 207Autism Spectrum Disorder ResearchDevelopmental and Educational NeuropsychologyChild and Animal Learning Development

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Set-shifting in children with autism spectrum disorders: Reversal shifting deficits on the Intradimensional/Extradimensional Shift Test correlate with repetitive behaviors

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Yerys, Benjamin E., Wallace, Gregory L., Harrison, Bryan, Celano, Mark J., Giedd, Jay N., Kenworthy, Lauren E.·2009·Autism

DOI 10.1177/1362361309335716PMC PMC3018342

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Abstract

Research examining set-shifting has revealed significant difficulties for adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). However, research with high-functioning children with ASDs has yielded mixed results. The current study tested 6- to 13-year-old high-functioning children with ASD and typically developing controls matched on age, gender, and IQ using the Intradimensional/Extradimensional (ID/ED) Shift Test from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. Children with ASDs completed as many ED shifts and reversal ED shifts as controls; however, they made significantly more errors than controls while completing the ED reversal shifts. Analyses on a subset of cases revealed a significant positive correlation between ED reversal errors and the number of repetitive behavior symptoms in the ASD group. These findings suggest that high-functioning children with ASDs require additional feedback to shift successfully. In addition, the relationship between set-shifting and non-social symptoms suggests its utility as a potentially informative intermediate phenotype in ASDs.

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Authors: Yerys, B. E., Wallace, G. L., Harrison, B., Celano, M. J., Giedd, J. N., & Kenworthy, L. E.
Affiliations: Children's National (US)
National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author: Yerys, Benjamin E.
ORCID: Yerys, Benjamin E.
Wallace, Gregory L.
Giedd, Jay N.
Kenworthy, Lauren E.
Venue: Autism
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2009-08-13
Volume: 13
Issue: 5
Pages: 523-538
ISSN: 1362-3613 (ISSN-L)
1461-7005
DOI: 10.1177/1362361309335716
PMC: PMC3018342
OpenAlex: W2144542843
Cited by: 207
References: 34
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 3.23
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Autism (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: Frederick and Elizabeth Singer Foundation
National Institutes of Health (Z99 MH999999)
Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center
National Institute of Mental Health (U54MH066417)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P30HD40677, T32HD046388, P30HD040677)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
Keywords: set-shifting, autism spectrum disorder, high-functioning children, reversal shift, executive function, endophenotypes, feedback
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Child, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Set, Psychology, Wechsler Scales, Stereotypic Movement Disorder

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Set-shifting in children with autism spectrum disorders: Reversal shifting deficits on the Intradimensional/Extradimensional Shift Test correlate with repetitive behaviors

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