Cited by 108Digitalization, Law, and RegulationLegal and Labor StudiesEthics and Social Impacts of AI

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Digital welfare fraud detection and the Dutch SyRI judgment

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van Bekkum, Marvin, Borgesius, Frederik Zuiderveen·2021·European Journal of Social Security

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Abstract

In 2020, a Dutch court passed judgment in a case about a digital welfare fraud detection system called Systeem Risico Indicatie (SyRI). The court ruled that the SyRI legislation is unlawful because it does not comply with the right to privacy under the European Convention of Human Rights. In this article we analyse the judgment and its implications. This ruling is one of first in which a court has invalidated a welfare fraud detection system for breaching the right to privacy. We show that the immediate effects of the judgment are limited. The judgment does not say much about automated fraud detection systems in general, because it is limited to the circumstances of the case. Still, the judgment is important. The judgment reminds policymakers that fraud detection must happen in a way that respects data protection principles and the right to privacy. The judgment also confirms the importance of transparency if personal data are used.

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“…system intended for use by multiple authorities5, algorithmic indicators perpetuated existing societal biases regarding race and ethnicity as well as normative assumptions about gender, sexuality, and parenthood (Appelman et al., 2021; van Bekkum and Borgesius, 2021; van Schie et al., 2025).”

Authors: van Bekkum, M., & Borgesius, F. Z.
Affiliations: Radboud University
Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
Corresponding author: Borgesius, Frederik Zuiderveen
ORCID: Borgesius, Frederik Zuiderveen
Venue: European Journal of Social Security
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2021-08-02
Volume: 23
Issue: 4
Pages: 323-340
ISSN: 1388-2627 (ISSN-L)
2399-2948
DOI: 10.1177/13882627211031257
OpenAlex: W3188403602
Cited by: 108
References: 11
Citations by year: 2026: 39 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 8
FWCI: 74.94
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (unspecified)
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: European Journal of Social Security (publishedVersion, cc-by)
arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
arXiv (Cornell University)
Topics: Social Sciences › Law › Digitalization, Law, and Regulation
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Industrial relations › Legal and Labor Studies
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
Keywords: SyRI, right to privacy, European Convention on Human Rights, automated decision-making, personal data protection, transparency, data protection principles, judicial decisions, social security benefits

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Digital welfare fraud detection and the Dutch SyRI judgment

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