Development and quality analysis of the Salutogenic Health Indicator Scale (SHIS)

Bringsén, Åsa; Andersson, H. Ingemar; Ejlertsson, Göran

doi:10.1177/1403494808098919

Cited by 88Health, psychology, and well-beingPsychometric Methodologies and TestingHealth Education and Validation

Development and quality analysis of the Salutogenic Health Indicator Scale (SHIS)

Bringsén, Åsa, Andersson, H. Ingemar, Ejlertsson, Göran·2009·Scandinavian Journal of Public Health

DOI 10.1177/1403494808098919

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Abstract

Background: Current health measurement instruments tend to measure aspects of ill-health rather than health in general. There is a need for a salutogenic perspective when describing health and developing a health measurement instrument. The aim of this article is to present the development process and quality assessment of a salutogenic health indicator scale. Methods: A description of health, emanating from the concept of health, positive health and well-being, was used as a basis for the construction of the scale. The scale is a semantic differential consisting of 12 indicator items covering nine heath-related dimensions. A principal component analysis was performed, and three health indicator indexes were constructed. Correlation with self-rated health questions was investigated, weighted kappa values were calculated, and Cronbach's alpha (CA) was used to check internal consistency. Results: The analysis resulted in a two-factor model, and the indexes were named intrapersonal characteristics (CA= 0.90) and interactive function (CA= 0.84), summarised into health complete (CA= 0.92). Kappa values ranged from 0.44 to 0.67, and correlations with self-rated health status were stronger than those with self-rated sick-leave. Conclusions: Our health description was characterized by complexity, but the instrument is a short salutogenic health indicator scale. The shortness increases the usability. The instrument seems to be able to offset the current problem of there being a lack of salutogenic health measurement instruments. The results indicate that further testing is justified.

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Authors frequently quoted the WHO definition of health as 'a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of a disease'.
“Authors frequently quoted the WHO definition of health as ‘a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of a disease’.93 104”
From Review of 99 self-report measures for assessing well-being in adults: exploring dimensions of well-being and developments over time (2016) · cites this paper as [104]

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Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 2009; 37: 13–19 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Development and quality analysis of the Salutogenic Health Indicator Scale (SHIS)
Andersson, H. I. (2016)
Self-citation
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Authors: Bringsén, Å., Andersson, H. I., & Ejlertsson, G.
Affiliations: Lund University (SE)
Kristianstad University (SE)
Corresponding author: Bringsén, Åsa
ORCID: Bringsén, Åsa
Andersson, H. Ingemar
Venue: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2008-11-17
Volume: 37
Issue: 1
Pages: 13-19
ISSN: 1403-4948 (ISSN-L)
1651-1905
DOI: 10.1177/1403494808098919
OpenAlex: W2165463676
Cited by: 88
References: 27
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 2.58
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health, psychology, and well-being
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Education › Health Education and Validation
Keywords: salutogenesis, health measurement instruments, positive health, well-being, semantic differential, interactive functions, self-rated health, sick leave, scale development, psychometric validation
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Health Status Indicators, Health Surveys, Humans, Psychometrics, Public Health, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self Concept, Outcome Assessment, Health Care

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Development and quality analysis of the Salutogenic Health Indicator Scale (SHIS)

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