Parenting stress and emotional wellbeing in mothers and fathers of preschool children
Abstract
Aims The aims of the study were to compare parenting stress and emotional wellbeing in mothers and fathers of preschool children, to look for predictors of different aspects of parenting stress in mothers and fathers, and to discriminate parenting stress from psychological distress and anxiety. Methods We studied 256 mothers and 204 fathers of children aged 1-7 years. The Swedish Parenthood Stress Questionnaire (SPSQ) assesses stress related to parenting. Emotional wellbeing was defined by the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) and the State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-X1) that measures psychological distress and anxiety, respectively. Results Fathers reported significantly more social isolation than mothers (P Conclusions Fathers reported significantly more social isolation, but less role restriction, incompetence and state anxiety than mothers. The SPSQ together with GHQ-28 and STAI-X1 allow a targeted screening aimed at contrasting parents who experience reduced emotional wellbeing with those who struggle with stress directly related to their parenting role.
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The number of children contributed to differences in stress levels, consistent with previous studies.
“The number of children, however, did contribute to differences in stress levels, which was consistent with previous studies regarding parenting stress (Deater-Deckard, 2004;Skreden et al., 2012).”
From Parenting Stress and Social Support among Cross-national and Traditional Families (2017) · cites this paper as Skreden et al., 2012
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Andreassen, M., Lugo, R. G., Eldevik, S., & Eikeseth, S. (2025) · Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s41252-025-00446-0 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Social Support and Parental Stress Among First-time Mother
Hutagaol, M. W., & Rahayu, M. N. M. (2023) · Proceedings of International Conference on Psychological Studies (ICPsyche) · doi:10.58959/icpsyche.v4i1.37 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
ESTRESSE PARENTAL E PRÁTICAS EDUCATIVAS EM CRIANÇAS COM TRANSTORNOS DO NEURODESENVOLVIMENTO
Sobreira, D. A., Guaitolini, D., Rolla, L. D. M., & Nascimento, M. R. (2023) · Editora Científica Digital eBooks · doi:10.37885/231014865 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Skreden, M., Skari, H., Malt, U. F., Pripp, A. H., Björk, M. D., Faugli, A., & Emblem, R.
- Affiliations
- Sørlandet Sykehus (NO)
- Oslo University Hospital (NO)
- Sørlandet Hospital Arendal (NO)
- University of Oslo (NO)
- Venue
- Scandinavian Journal of Public Health
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2012-10-05
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 596-604
- ISSN
- 1403-4948 (ISSN-L)
- 1651-1905
- OpenAlex
- W2142413967
- Cited by
- 144
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 5.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Scandinavian Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Demography › Family Dynamics and Relationships
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- parental stress, emotional well-being, mothers, fathers, preschool children, gender differences, social isolation, role limitations, parental anxiety, psychological distress, GHQ-28, State Anxiety Inventory
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety, Child, Child, Preschool, Fathers, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Mothers, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Stress, Psychological, Sweden, Parenting
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