The DOI matches its Crossref record; 85 of the 85 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Bringing narrative victimology to transitional justice: Blame, victimhood and life stories of wrongful conviction
Open accessAbstract
This article applies a narrative victimological lens of inquiry to the memoirs of those wrongfully convicted of high profile politically violent offences arising from the conflict in the North of Ireland. Using these life stories of wrongful conviction, the article critically examines how nuanced and complex understandings of victimhood and blame emerge from within victims’ own testimony. While on the one hand, victims can ‘story’ victimhood and blame in simplistic ways that echo dominant paradigms found within the criminological literature, at the same time they can ‘story’ victimhood and blame in more sophisticated ways that reflect complex debates found within the transitional justice literature. The ability to take both a more generous approach to victimhood that recognises the harm experienced by others and a more critically self-reflective approach of one's own culpability, it is submitted, shows the potential value that proposed oral history mechanisms have in allowing different perspectives on victimhood and blame to emerge from the testimony of those who suffered harms like wrongful conviction.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“While maintaining their innocence is vitally important to their self-identity (Hearty, 2021), the receptiveness of the wrongfully convicted to what Annie Maguire (1994:151) calls whispers of 'no smoke without fire' allows relational harm to impede upon their post-release readjustment.”
From The Zemiological Afterlife of Wrongful Conviction: Spoiled Identity, Repair and Survivorship (2024) · cites this paper as Hearty, 2021
In the citing paper
“Victim testimony can help to critique and problematise redress schemes, ensuring that these programmes accurately identify what harms the wrongfully convicted suffer in the longer term and how these can be best addressed (Hearty, 2021).”
From The Zemiological Afterlife of Wrongful Conviction: Spoiled Identity, Repair and Survivorship (2024) · cites this paper as Hearty, 2021
In the citing paper
“Departing from the criminal justice system's rigid way of 'seeing' and responding to the harms of wrongful conviction (Hearty, 2021), first-hand insights from victims offer a telling insight into the true enormity of the zemiological iceberg.”
From The Zemiological Afterlife of Wrongful Conviction: Spoiled Identity, Repair and Survivorship (2024) · cites this paper as Hearty, 2021
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Asylums: Essays on the Social Situation of Mental Patients and Other Inmates.
Pfautz, H. W., & Goffman, E. (1962) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2090043 · Cited by 8,308
Hall, S., Critcher, C., Jefferson, T., Clarke, J., & Roberts, B. (1978) · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-15881-2 · Cited by 3,981
The Society of Captives, a Study of a Maximum Security Prison
Levering, J., & Sykes, G. M. (1959) · The Journal of Criminal Law Criminology and Police Science · doi:10.2307/1141342 · Cited by 1,503
The Society of Captives: A Study of a Maximum Security Prison.
Weinberg, S. K., & Sykes, G. M. (1959) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2089462 · Cited by 1,367
Christie, N. (1986) · From Crime Policy to Victim Policy · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-08305-3_2 · Cited by 1,231
Christie, N. (1977) · The British Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a046783 · Cited by 1,087
The reflexive interview and a performative social science
Denzin, N. K. (2001) · Qualitative Research · doi:10.1177/146879410100100102 · Cited by 893
Helping a Victim or Helping the Victim: Altruism and Identifiability
Small, D. A., & Loewenstein, G. F. (2003) · Journal of Risk and Uncertainty · doi:10.1023/a:1022299422219 · Cited by 891
Closing the Books: Transitional Justice in Historical Perspective
Elster, J. (2004) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511607011 · Cited by 531
(2004) · Cited by 478
On Transitional Justice Entrepreneurs and the Production of Victims
Madlingozi, T. (2010) · Journal of Human Rights Practice · doi:10.1093/jhuman/huq005 · Cited by 308
Thinking and Moral Considerations: A Lecture
Arendt, H. (1984) · Social research · Cited by 258
Victimology in transitional justice: Victimhood, innocence and hierarchy
Mcevoy, K. P., & McConnachie, K. (2012) · European Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1177/1477370812454204 · Cited by 240
What can “Lies” Tell Us about Life? Notes towards a Framework of Narrative Criminology
Sandberg, S. (2010) · Journal of Criminal Justice Education · doi:10.1080/10511253.2010.516564 · Cited by 227
Bouris, E. (2007) · Lynne Rienner Publishers eBooks · doi:10.1515/9781626373112 · Cited by 208
Suspect Community: People's Experience of the Prevention of Terrorism Acts in Britain
(1995) · Capital & Class · doi:10.1177/030981689505500116 · Cited by 207
Victims and Transitional Justice
Mcevoy, K. P., & McConnachie, K. (2013) · Social & Legal Studies · doi:10.1177/0964663913499062 · Cited by 205
Victim Precipitated Criminal Homicide
Wolfgang, M. E. (1957) · The Journal of Criminal Law Criminology and Police Science · doi:10.2307/1140160 · Cited by 193
Beyond the Wire: Former Prisoners and Conflict Transformation in Northern Ireland
Shirlow, P., & Mcevoy, K. P. (2008) · Cited by 167
A Taxonomy of Victims and Perpetrators: Human Rights and Reconciliation in South Africa
Borer, T. A. (2003) · Human Rights Quarterly · doi:10.1353/hrq.2003.0039 · Cited by 162
Criminology and the narrative turn
Presser, L. (2016) · Crime Media Culture An International Journal · doi:10.1177/1741659015626203 · Cited by 161
Grassroots Activism and the Evolution of Transitional Justice
Kovras, I. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316711262 · Cited by 159
Victim Precipitated Criminal Homicide
Wolfgang, M. E. (2002) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-4883-3_19 · Cited by 148
Stories of injustice: Towards a narrative victimology
Pemberton, A., Mulder, E., & Aarten, P. G. M. (2019) · European Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1177/1477370818770843 · Cited by 137
The trouble with blame: victims, perpetrators, and responsibility
(1996) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.34-0610 · Cited by 134
(1948) · Archives of Neurology And Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archneurpsyc.1948.02310050123012 · Cited by 130
Victims' Stories and the Advancement of Human Rights
Meyers, D. T. (2016) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199930388.001.0001 · Cited by 127
Rethinking the Study of Miscarriages of Justice:
Leo, R. A. (2005) · Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice · doi:10.1177/1043986205277477 · Cited by 127
Narrative Criminology as Critical Criminology
Presser, L., & Sandberg, S. (2019) · Critical Criminology · doi:10.1007/s10612-019-09437-9 · Cited by 122
McGarry, R., & Walklate, S. (2015) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203727379 · Cited by 122
A complicity continuum of state crime∗
Kauzlarich, D., Mullins, C. W., & Matthews, R. A. (2003) · Contemporary Justice Review · doi:10.1080/1028258032000115895 · Cited by 112
Narrative Criminology: Understanding Stories of Crime
(2016) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.1177/0094306116653959e · Cited by 112
Karstedt, S. (2010) · International Review of Victimology · doi:10.1177/026975801001700102 · Cited by 108
Power, Conflict and Criminalisation
Scraton, P. (2007) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203935538 · Cited by 101
The Burden of Innocence: Coping with a Wrongful Imprisonment
Campbell, K., & Denov, M. (2004) · Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice · doi:10.3138/cjccj.46.2.139 · Cited by 97
Error of judgement: The truth about the Birmingham bombings
Mullin, C. (1997) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 94
Abandoning historical conflict?: Former political prisoners and reconciliation in Northern Ireland
Shirlow, P., Tonge, J., McAuley, J., & McGlynn, C. (2010) · doi:10.7765/9781847793430 · Cited by 90
Changing Contours of Criminal Justice
Bosworth, M., Hoyle, C., & Zedner, L. (2016) · Cited by 87
Drumbl, M. A. (2016) · London Review of International Law · doi:10.1093/lril/lrw015 · Cited by 86
Ionnrachtaigh, F. M. (2013) · Cited by 84
Pemberton, A., Aarten, P. G. M., & Mulder, E. (2018) · Criminology & Criminal Justice · doi:10.1177/1748895818778320 · Cited by 81
Victim stories and victim policy: Is there a case for a narrative victimology?
Walklate, S., Maher, J., McCulloch, J., Fitz‐Gibbon, K., & Beavis, K. (2018) · Crime Media Culture An International Journal · doi:10.1177/1741659018760105 · Cited by 79
Victims: Trauma, testimony and justice
McGarry, R., & Walklate, S. (2011) · Cited by 75
Nguyen, N. (2019) · University of Minnesota Press eBooks · doi:10.5749/j.ctvqmp2b9 · Cited by 71
Taking wrongs seriously : acknowledgement, reconciliation, and the politics of sustainable peace
Govier, T. (2006) · Humanity Books · Cited by 69
Introduction: What Is the Story?
Presser, L., & Sandberg, S. (2016) · New York University Press eBooks · doi:10.18574/nyu/9781479876778.003.0001 · Cited by 69
Doing Time: An Introduction to the Sociology of Imprisonment
Fox, K. J., & Matthews, R. (2001) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/3089281 · Cited by 67
The Politics of Memoir and the Northern Ireland Conflict
Hopkins, S. (2013) · Liverpool University Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctt5vjnqd · Cited by 66
Jankowitz, S. E. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-98328-8 · Cited by 51
(2017) · Annual Review of Criminology · doi:10.1146/criminol · Cited by 47
The Innocent and the Criminal Justice System
Naughton, M. (2013) · doi:10.1007/978-1-137-34115-0 · Cited by 44
Genocide and the dynamics of victimization: Some observations on Armenia
Rafter, N., & Walklate, S. (2012) · European Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1177/1477370812450824 · Cited by 44
Excavating Victim Stories: Making Sense of Agency, Suffering and Redemption
(2019) · The Emerald Handbook of Narrative Criminology · doi:10.1108/978-1-78769-005-920191023 · Cited by 43
Matthews, R. (1999) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9780333982600 · Cited by 42
Life after Death Row Exonerees' Search for Community and Identity
Westervelt, S. D., & Cook, K. J. (n.d.) · doi:10.36019/9780813553399 · Cited by 40
The Innocent and the Criminal Justice System: A Sociological Analysis of Miscarriages of Justice
Naughton, M. (2013) · Bristol Research (University of Bristol) · Cited by 36
Global Victimhood: On the Charisma of the Victim in Transitional Justice Processes
Bonacker, T. (2013) · World Political Science · doi:10.1515/wpsr-2013-0005 · Cited by 36
Rethinking Miscarriages of Justice
Naughton, M. (2007) · doi:10.1057/9780230598966 · Cited by 36
Hearty, K. (2018) · The International Journal of Human Rights · doi:10.1080/13642987.2018.1485656 · Cited by 36
Self-citationAdvancing Qualitative Methods in Criminology and Criminal Justice
(2014) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315877891 · Cited by 34
11. News power, crime and media justice
Greer, C., & McLaughlin, E. (2017) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/he/9780198719441.003.0012 · Cited by 32
Kepecs, J. G. (1980) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1980.34.2.286 · Cited by 29
Stolen Years: Before and After Guildford
Hill, P. S., & Bennett, R. (1990) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 28
Hamber, B., & Kelly, G. (2016) · Journal of Human Rights Practice · doi:10.1093/jhuman/huw001 · Cited by 28
Understanding Transitional Justice
Girelli, G. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-53606-4 · Cited by 27
Victims, Violence and Voice: Transitional Justice, Oral History and Dealing with the Past
Bryson, A. (2016) · Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast) · Cited by 26
Druliolle, V., & Brett, R. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-70202-5_1 · Cited by 25
Small Stories Research and Narrative Criminology: ‘Plotting’ an Alliance
Georgakopoulou, A. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-47236-8_3 · Cited by 23
Narrative, Political Violence, and Social Change
Graef, J., da Silva, R., & Lemay‐Hébert, N. (2018) · Studies in Conflict and Terrorism · doi:10.1080/1057610x.2018.1452701 · Cited by 22
Hearty, K. (2019) · The British Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1093/bjc/azz017 · Cited by 21
Self-citationGreen, S., & Pemberton, A. (2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315712871-6 · Cited by 19
Young victims’ positioning: Narrations of victimhood and support
Thunberg, S., & Bruck, K. A. (2019) · International Review of Victimology · doi:10.1177/0269758019854950 · Cited by 18
Criminologizing Wrongful Convictions
Naughton, M. (2014) · The British Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1093/bjc/azu060 · Cited by 16
The Northern Ireland Troubles in Britain: Impacts, engagements, legacies and memories
Dawson, G., Dover, J., & Hopkins, S. (2016) · doi:10.7765/9781526108494 · Cited by 16
Jankowitz, S. E. (2016) · Peacebuilding · doi:10.1080/21647259.2016.1237421 · Cited by 16
Simić, O. (2016) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315672649-11 · Cited by 10
The Uses of Suffering: Victims as Moral Beacons or Icons of Grievance
Breen-Smyth, M. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-70202-5_9 · Cited by 7
Quirk, H. (2013) · Modern Law Review · doi:10.1111/1468-2230.12044 · Cited by 5
Collins, V. E. (2014) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203083536-9 · Cited by 5
Suspect Communities: Anti-Muslim Racism and the Domestic War on Terror
Nguyen, N. (2019) · Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) · Cited by 5
Victims' Stories: A Call to Care
Westlund, A. C. (2018) · Metaphilosophy · doi:10.1111/meta.12290 · Cited by 4
Recognizing Victims of Political Violence: Basque Literary Narratives as an Ethical Tool
Madina, I. G., Alberdi, G. B., & Bermúdez, Á. (2018) · Studies in Conflict and Terrorism · doi:10.1080/1057610x.2018.1452808 · Cited by 4
Checinski, M. M. (1994) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3
Kinder, E. (2020) · The International Journal of Human Rights · doi:10.1080/13642987.2020.1746649 · Cited by 3
Enemies of the State and Miscarriages of Justice
McCartney, C., & Walker, C. (2014) · Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University) · Cited by 1
Research works printed but not linked: 12
- Arendt H, 1971, Social Research, 38, 417
- Armstrong P, 2017, Life After Life: A Guilford Four Memoir
- Bryson A, 2016, Hastings International & Comparative Law Review, 39, 299
- Conlon G, 1993, Proved Innocent
- Cray E, 1972, The Enemy in the Streets
- Hill PJ, 1995, Forever Lost, Forever Gone
- Maguire A, 1994, Miscarriage of Justice: An Irish Family’s Story of Wrongful Conviction as IRA Terrorists
- McCarthy C, 2013, Dehli Law Review, 32, 17
- McKeown L, 2000, Out of Time: Irish Republican Prisoners, Long Kesh, 1970–2000
- Mendelsohn B, 1956, Etudes Internationales de Psycho-Sociologie Criminelle, 3, 25
- O’Donnell R, 2015, Special Category: The IRA in English Prisons, Vol. 2, 1978–1985
- Ward J, 1993, Ambushed: My Story
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Secondary characters in narratives of wrongful conviction
Umamaheswar, J. (2022) · Crime Media Culture An International Journal · doi:10.1177/17416590221127291 · Cited by 7
Peters, B. C., Paoli, L., & Pemberton, A. (2025) · Victims & Offenders · doi:10.1080/15564886.2025.2525288 · Cited by 4
The Zemiological Afterlife of Wrongful Conviction: Spoiled Identity, Repair and Survivorship
Hearty, K. (2024) · Critical Criminology · doi:10.1007/s10612-023-09737-1 · Cited by 2
“…have used victims’ narratives to expose blind spots in official discourses, resettlement policy and practice (Naughton, 2007:5; Hoyle & Tilt, 2018; Hearty, 2021; Umamaheswar, 2022), to demonstrate how narrative helps victims work through a ‘spoiled identity’ (van den Ven & Pemberton, 2021), and…”
InfluentialSelf-citationExpanding wrongful conviction analyses: a framework to foreground temporality and change
Norris, R. J., Umamaheswar, J., & Drummond, C. B. (2026) · Crime Law and Social Change · doi:10.1007/s10611-025-10263-0
Metadata
- Authors
- Hearty, K.
- Affiliations
- Queen's University Belfast (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Hearty, Kevin
- ORCID
- Hearty, Kevin
- Venue
- European Journal of Criminology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2021-09-22
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1251-1268
- ISSN
- 1477-3708 (ISSN-L)
- 1741-2609
- OpenAlex
- W3201185705
- Cited by
- 4
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 1.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- European Journal of Criminology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › War, Law, and Justice
- Social Sciences › Law › Criminal Justice and Penology
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Memory, violence, and history
- Keywords
- transitional justice, wrongful convictions, victimhood, blame, life stories, memoirs, Northern Ireland conflict, oral history, victim testimony
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
