The DOI matches its Crossref record; 93 of the 93 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Probing SGLT2 as a therapeutic target for diabetes: Basic physiology and consequences
Open accessAbstract
Traditional treatments for type 1 and type 2 diabetes are often associated with side effects, including weight gain and hypoglycaemia that may offset the benefits of blood glucose lowering. The kidneys filter and reabsorb large amounts of glucose, and urine is almost free of glucose in normoglycaemia. The sodium-dependent glucose transporter (SGLT)-2 in the early proximal tubule reabsorbs the majority of filtered glucose. Remaining glucose is reabsorbed by SGLT1 in the late proximal tubule. Diabetes enhances renal glucose reabsorption by increasing the tubular glucose load and the expression of SGLT2 (as shown in mice), which maintains hyperglycaemia. Inhibitors of SGLT2 enhance urinary glucose excretion and thereby lower blood glucose levels in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The load-dependent increase in SGLT1-mediated glucose reabsorption explains why SGLT2 inhibitors in normoglycaemic conditions enhance urinary glucose excretion to only ~50% of the filtered glucose. The role of SGLT1 in both renal and intestinal glucose reabsorption provides a rationale for the development of dual SGLT1/2 inhibitors. SGLT2 inhibitors lower blood glucose levels independent of insulin and induce pleiotropic actions that may be relevant in the context of lowering cardiovascular risk. Ongoing long-term clinical studies will determine whether SGLT2 inhibitors have a safety profile and exert cardiovascular benefits that are superior to traditional agents.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 reduce rates of hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes by decreasing renal glucose reabsorption, thereby increasing urinary glucose excretion. 10”
From Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes (2015) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors lower blood glucose levels by preventing glucose and sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule (8–10).”
From SGLT2 inhibition for CKD and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: report of a scientific workshop sponsored by the National Kidney Foundation (2021) · cites this paper as [9]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes
Power, D. V. (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.29.02.06.dc05-1593 · Cited by 8,676
Turner, R. C., Fox, C., Matthews, McElroy, H. H., Cull, C. A., Holman, R. R., Neil, P., Hadden, D. R., Wright, D., Manley, E., et al. (1998) · The Lancet · Cited by 8,419
Effects of Intensive Glucose Lowering in Type 2 Diabetes
(2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0802743 · Cited by 7,888
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes
Holman, R. R., Paul, S. K., Bethel, M. A., Matthews, D. R., & Neil, H. A. W. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0806470 · Cited by 7,751
Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes
(2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0802987 · Cited by 7,397
Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes
(2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa052187 · Cited by 5,138
Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes
Duckworth, W., Abraira, C., Moritz, T., Reda, D., Emanuele, N., Reaven, P. D., Zieve, F. J., Marks, J., Davis, S. N., Hayward, R., et al. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0808431 · Cited by 4,762
Standards of medical care in diabetes—2014
American Diabetes Association (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-s014 · Cited by 4,572
Gupta, A., & Uribarri, J. (2016) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000444053 · Cited by 4,023
Mechanisms of Diabetic Complications
Forbes, J. M., & Cooper, M. E. (2013) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00045.2011 · Cited by 2,890
Diabetes Mellitus, Fasting Glucose, and Risk of Cause-Specific Death
The Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1008862 · Cited by 2,726
Biology of Human Sodium Glucose Transporters
Wright, E. M., Loo, D. D. F., & Hirayama, B. A. (2011) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00055.2009 · Cited by 1,430
Self-citationCherney, D. Z. I., Perkins, B. A., Soleymanlou, N., Maione, M., Lai, V., Lee, A., Fagan, N. M., Woerle, H. J., Johansen, O. E., Broedl, U. C., et al. (2014) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.113.005081 · Cited by 1,329
Oral Antihyperglycemic Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes
Inzucchi, S. E. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.287.3.360 · Cited by 1,065
Expression cloning and cDNA sequencing of the Na+/glucose co-transporter
Hediger, M. A., Coady, M. J., Ikeda, T. S., & Wright, E. M. (1987) · Nature · doi:10.1038/330379a0 · Cited by 1,004
Self-citationBailey, C. J., Gross, J. L., Pieters, A., Bastien, A., & List, J. F. (2010) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60407-2 · Cited by 873
Bolinder, J., Ljunggren, Ö., Kullberg, J., Johansson, L., Wilding, J., Langkilde, A. M., Sugg, J., & Parikh, S. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2011-2260 · Cited by 867
SGLT2 inhibition — a novel strategy for diabetes treatment
Chao, E. C., & Henry, R. R. (2010) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd3180 · Cited by 834
Rossetti, L., Smith, D. J., Shulman, G. I., Papachristou, D. N., & DeFronzo, R. A. (1987) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci112981 · Cited by 824
Dapagliflozin improves muscle insulin sensitivity but enhances endogenous glucose production
Merovci, A., Solis-Herrera, C., Daniele, G., Eldor, R., Fiorentino, T. V., Tripathy, D., Xiong, J., Perez, Z., Norton, L., Abdul-Ghani, M. A., et al. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci70704 · Cited by 795
Gorboulev, V., Schürmann, A., Vallon, V., Kipp, H., Jaschke, A., Klessen, D., Friedrich, A., Scherneck, S., Rieg, T., Cunard, R., et al. (2012) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db11-1029 · Cited by 687
Self-citationGerich, J. E. (2009) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02894.x · Cited by 667
SGLT2 Mediates Glucose Reabsorption in the Early Proximal Tubule
Vallon, V., Platt, K. A., Cunard, R. A., Schroth, J., Whaley, J. M., Thomson, S. C., Koepsell, H., & Rieg, T. (2010) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2010030246 · Cited by 565
Self-citationThe sodium/glucose cotransport family SLC5
Wright, E. M., & Turk, E. (2004) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1202-0 · Cited by 535
Self-citationFaham, S., Watanabe, A., Mercado, G., Cascio, D., Specht, A., Hirayama, B. A., Wright, E. M., & Abramson, J. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1160406 · Cited by 522
Self-citationVallon, V., Gerasimova, M., Rose, M. A., Masuda, T., Satriano, J., Mayoux, E., Koepsell, H., Thomson, S. C., & Rieg, T. (2014) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00520.2013 · Cited by 483
Self-citationCherney, D. Z., Perkins, B. A., Soleymanlou, N., Har, R., Fagan, N., Johansen, O., Woerle, H.-J., von Eynatten, M., & Broedl, U. C. (2014) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/1475-2840-13-28 · Cited by 470
Chow, E., Bernjak, A., Williams, S., Fawdry, R. A., Hibbert, S., Freeman, J., Sheridan, P. J., & Heller, S. R. (2014) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db13-0468 · Cited by 403
The proximal tubule in the pathophysiology of the diabetic kidney
Vallon, V. (2011) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00809.2010 · Cited by 399
Self-citationGlucose/galactose malabsorption caused by a defect in the Na+/glucose cotransporter
Turk, E., Zabel, B., Mundlos, S., Dyer, J., & Wright, E. M. (1991) · Nature · doi:10.1038/350354a0 · Cited by 379
Self-citationVallon, V., & Thomson, S. C. (2012) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-020911-153333 · Cited by 376
Self-citationSLC2A9 Is a High-Capacity Urate Transporter in Humans
Caulfield, M. J., Munroe, P. B., O’Neill, D., Witkowska, K., Charchar, F. J., Doblado, M., Evans, S., Eyheramendy, S., Onipinla, A. K., Howard, P., et al. (2008) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050197 · Cited by 375
Vallon, V., Rose, M., Gerasimova, M., Satriano, J., Platt, K. A., Koepsell, H., Cunard, R., Sharma, K., Thomson, S. C., & Rieg, T. (2013) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00409.2012 · Cited by 370
Self-citationThe Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Diabetes Mellitus
Vallon, V. (2014) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev-med-051013-110046 · Cited by 363
Self-citationGlomerular Hyperfiltration in Experimental Diabetes Mellitus
Vallon, V., Richter, K., Blantz, R. C., Thomson, S. C., & Oßwald, H. (1999) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.v10122569 · Cited by 356
Self-citationDapagliflozin, a Novel SGLT2 Inhibitor, Induces Dose-Dependent Glucosuria in Healthy Subjects
Komoroski, B., Vachharajani, N., Boulton, D., Kornhauser, D., Geraldes, M., Li, L., & Pfister, M. (2009) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1038/clpt.2008.251 · Cited by 350
Familial Renal Glucosuria and SGLT2
Santer, R., & Calado, J. (2009) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.04010609 · Cited by 347
Thomson, S. C., Rieg, T., Miracle, C. M., Mansoury, H., Whaley, J. M., Vallon, V., & Singh, P. (2011) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00357.2011 · Cited by 316
Self-citationRieg, T., Masuda, T., Gerasimova, M., Mayoux, E., Platt, K. A., Powell, D. R., Thomson, S. C., Koepsell, H., & Vallon, V. (2013) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00518.2013 · Cited by 313
Self-citationDeFronzo, R. A., Hompesch, M., Kasichayanula, S., Liu, X., Hong, Y., Pfister, M., Morrow, L. A., Leslie, B. R., Boulton, D. W., Ching, A., et al. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc13-0387 · Cited by 293
Identification and Characterization of Human Glucose Transporter-like Protein-9 (GLUT9)
Augustin, R., Carayannopoulos, M. O., Dowd, L. O., Phay, J. E., Moley, J. F., & Moley, K. H. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m312226200 · Cited by 284
Musso, G., Gambino, R., Cassader, M., & Pagano, G. (2011) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.3109/07853890.2011.560181 · Cited by 284
Panchapakesan, U., Pegg, K., Gross, S., Komala, M. G., Mudaliar, H., Forbes, J. M., Pollock, C. A., & Mather, A. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054442 · Cited by 281
Martı́n, M. G., Turk, E., Lostao, M. P., Kerner, C. J., & Wright, E. M. (1996) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0296-216 · Cited by 275
Self-citationGlucose transport by human renal Na + / d -glucose cotransporters SGLT1 and SGLT2
Hummel, C. S., Lü, C., Loo, D. D. F., Hirayama, B. A., Voss, A. A., & Wright, E. M. (2010) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00388.2010 · Cited by 273
Self-citationPolidori, D., Sha, S., Mudaliar, S. R. D., Ciaraldi, T. P., Ghosh, A., Vaccaro, N. M., Farrell, K., Rothenberg, P., & Henry, R. R. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-2391 · Cited by 264
Zambrowicz, B., Freiman, J., Brown, P., Frazier, K., Turnage, A., Bronner, J., Ruff, D. S., Shadoan, M. K., Banks, P. L., Mseeh, F., et al. (2012) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1038/clpt.2012.58 · Cited by 251
The sodium/glucose cotransport family SLC5
Turk, E., & Wright, E. M. (2004) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1063-6 · Cited by 251
Self-citationHomology of the human intestinal Na+/glucose and Escherichia coli Na+/proline cotransporters.
Hediger, M. A., Turk, E., & Wright, E. M. (1989) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.86.15.5748 · Cited by 242
Self-citationPerkins, B. A., Cherney, D. Z. I., Partridge, H., Soleymanlou, N., Menezes, H. T., Zinman, B., Fagan, N. M., Kaspers, S., Woerle, H., Broedl, U. C., et al. (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc13-2338 · Cited by 232
SGLT2 Deletion Improves Glucose Homeostasis and Preserves Pancreatic β-Cell Function
Jurczak, M. J., Lee, H., Birkenfeld, A. L., Jornayvaz, F. R., Frederick, D. W., Pongratz, R. L., Zhao, X., Moeckel, G. W., Samuel, V. T., Whaley, J. M., et al. (2011) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db10-1328 · Cited by 221
Turner, R. J., & Moran, A. (1982) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.1982.242.4.f406 · Cited by 221
The mechanism of sodium and substrate release from the binding pocket of vSGLT
Watanabe, A., Choe, S., Chaptal, V., Rosenberg, J. M., Wright, E. M., Grabe, M., & Abramson, J. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09580 · Cited by 194
Self-citationEFFECT OF DIABETES AND INSULIN ON THE MAXIMUM CAPACITY OF THE RENAL TUBULES TO REABSORB GLUCOSE 1
Färber, S. J., Berger, E. Y., & Earle, D. P. (1951) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci102424 · Cited by 188
KCNQ1-dependent transport in renal and gastrointestinal epithelia
Vallon, V., Grahammer, F., Völkl, H., Sandu, C. D., Richter, K., Rexhepaj, R., Gerlach, U., Rong, Q., Pfeifer, K. E., & Lang, F. J. W. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0505860102 · Cited by 184
Self-citationPessoa, T. D., Campos, L. C. G., Carraro-Lacroix, L., Girardi, A. C. C., & Malnic, G. (2014) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2013060588 · Cited by 184
Leiter, L. A., Cefalu, W. T., de Bruin, T. W., Gause‐Nilsson, I. A. M., Sugg, J. E., & Parikh, S. J. (2014) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.12881 · Cited by 183
SGLT2 inhibitors in the treatment of type 2 diabetes
Hasan, F., Alsahli, M., & Gerich, J. E. (2014) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2014.02.014 · Cited by 180
Cloning of a human kidney cDNA with similarity to the sodium-glucose cotransporter
Wells, R. G., Pajor, A. M., Kanai, Y., Turk, E., Wright, E. M., & Hediger, M. A. (1992) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.1992.263.3.f459 · Cited by 165
Self-citationImproved glycemic control in mice lacking Sglt1 and Sglt2
Powell, D. R., DaCosta, C. M., Gay, J. P., Ding, Z., Smith, M. G., Greer, J., Doree, D. D., Jeter-Jones, S. L., Mseeh, F., Rodriguez, L. A., et al. (2012) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00439.2012 · Cited by 161
Ipragliflozin: First Global Approval
Poole, R. M., & Dungo, R. T. (2014) · Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40265-014-0204-x · Cited by 158
THE ACTION OF PHLORIZIN ON THE EXCRETION OF GLUCOSE, XYLOSE, SUCROSE, CREATININE AND UREA BY MAN
Chasis, H., Jolliffe, N., & Smith, H. W. (1933) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci100559 · Cited by 152
Role of KCNE1-Dependent K+ Fluxes in Mouse Proximal Tubule
Vallon, V., Grahammer, F., Richter, K., Bleich, M., Lang, F. J. W., Barhanin, J., Völkl, H., & Warth, R. (2001) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.v12102003 · Cited by 145
Self-citationDifferences in active and passive glucose transport along the proximal nephron
Barfuss, D. W., & Schafer, J. A. (1981) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.1981.241.3.f322 · Cited by 144
Effects of a New SGLT2 Inhibitor, Luseogliflozin, on Diabetic Nephropathy in T2DN Rats
Kojima, N., Williams, J. M., Takahashi, T., Miyata, N., & Roman, R. J. (2013) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.113.203869 · Cited by 142
Meyer, C., Woerle, H. J., Dostou, J. M., Welle, S. L., & Gerich, J. E. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00041.2004 · Cited by 130
Insulin's impact on renal sodium transport and blood pressure in health, obesity, and diabetes
Tiwari, S., Riazi, S., & ECELBARGER, C. A. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00149.2007 · Cited by 128
Regulation of the human Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter hSGLT2
Ghezzi, C., & Wright, E. M. (2012) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00115.2012 · Cited by 124
Self-citationHwang, E.-S. S., Hirayama, B. A., & Wright, E. M. (1991) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/0006-291x(91)92067-t · Cited by 119
Self-citationEnhanced expressions of sodium–glucose cotransporters in the kidneys of diabetic Zucker rats
Tabatabai, N. M., Sharma, M., Blumenthal, S. S., & Petering, D. H. (2008) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2008.11.003 · Cited by 106
Long-term outcome of renal glucosuria type 0: the original patient and his natural history
Scholl‐Bürgi, S., Santer, R., & Ehrich, J. H. H. (2004) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfh366 · Cited by 104
Takata, K., Kasahara, T., Kasahara, M., Ezaki, O., & Hirano, H. (1991) · Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry · doi:10.1177/39.3.1993828 · Cited by 96
Structural selectivity of human SGLT inhibitors
Hummel, C. S., Lü, C., Liu, J., Ghezzi, C., Hirayama, B. A., Loo, D. D. F., Kepe, V., Barrio, J. R., & Wright, E. M. (2011) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00328.2011 · Cited by 94
Self-citationLuseogliflozin: First Global Approval
Markham, A., & Elkinson, S. (2014) · Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40265-014-0230-8 · Cited by 92
Nagata, T., Fukuzawa, T., Takeda, M., Fukazawa, M., Mori, T., Nihei, T., Honda, K., Suzuki, Y., & Kawabe, Y. (2013) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.12269 · Cited by 90
Mitochondrial Respiratory Capacity and Content Are Normal in Young Insulin-Resistant Obese Humans
Fisher-Wellman, K. H., Weber, T. M., Cathey, B. L., Brophy, P. M., Gilliam, L. A. A., Kane, C. L., Maples, J. M., Gavin, T. P., Houmard, J. A., & Neufer, P. D. (2014) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db13-0940 · Cited by 82
Immunohistochemical localization of Na+-dependent glucose transporter in rat jejunum
Takata, K., Kasahara, T., Kasahara, M., Ezaki, O., & Hirano, H. (1992) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/bf00318685 · Cited by 79
The Sweet Pee Model for Sglt2 Mutation
Ly, J., Onay, T., Sison, K., Sivaskandarajah, G. A., Sabbisetti, V. S., Li, L., Bonventre, J. V., Flenniken, A. M., Paragas, N., Barasch, J. M., et al. (2011) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2010080888 · Cited by 75
Intestinal and renal Na+/glucose cotransporters share common structures
Hirayama, B. A., Wong, H. C., Smith, C. D., Hagenbuch, B., Hediger, M. A., & Wright, E. M. (1991) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.1991.261.2.c296 · Cited by 69
Self-citationDo sulfonylurea drugs increase the risk of cardiac events?
Bell, D. S. H. (2006) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.051237 · Cited by 64
Peerce, B. E., & Wright, E. M. (1984) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.81.7.2223 · Cited by 63
Self-citationSchmidt, U., Eddy, B. J., Fraser, C. M., Venter, J. C., & Semenza, G. (1983) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(83)81025-4 · Cited by 62
Bridging the gap between structure and kinetics of human SGLT1
Sala‐Rabanal, M., Hirayama, B. A., Loo, D. D. F., Chaptal, V., Abramson, J., & Wright, E. M. (2011) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00397.2011 · Cited by 58
Self-citationSGLT2 inhibitors act from the extracellular surface of the cell membrane
Ghezzi, C., Hirayama, B. A., Gorraitz, E., Loo, D. D. F., Liang, Y. T., & Wright, E. M. (2014) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.12058 · Cited by 57
Self-citationMorrisey, K., Steadman, R., Williams, J. D., & Phillips, A. O. (1999) · Kidney International · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.00248.x · Cited by 56
Petersen, C. (1835) · Annalen der Pharmacie · doi:10.1002/jlac.18350150210 · Cited by 55
Cramer, S. C., Pardridge, W. M., Hirayama, B. A., & Wright, E. M. (1992) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.41.6.766 · Cited by 52
Self-citationGlucose-Induced Regulation of NHEs Activity and SGLTs Expression Involves the PKA Signaling Pathway
Beloto-Silva, O., Machado, U. F., & Oliveira‐Souza, M. (2010) · The Journal of Membrane Biology · doi:10.1007/s00232-010-9334-6 · Cited by 50
Serum uric acid and disorders of glucose metabolism: the role of glycosuria
de Andrade, J. A. M., Kang, H. C., Greffin, S., Rosa, M. L. G., & Lugon, J. R. (2014) · Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research · doi:10.1590/1414-431x20143878 · Cited by 36
Guthrie, R. M. (2013) · Postgraduate Medicine · doi:10.3810/pgm.2013.05.2654 · Cited by 19
Morrisey, K. (1999) · Kidney International · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.00454.x · Cited by 15
The Renal Association. Bristol, England. March 26–27, 1998
Morrisey, Steadman, Williams, & Phillips (1999) · Kidney International · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.t01-1-00454.x
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- International Diabetes Federation, 2013, IDF diabetes Atlas
- Barfuss DW, 1981, Am J Physiol, 241, F322
- Turner RJ, 1982, Am J Physiol, 242, F406
- Wells RG, 1992, Am J Physiol, 263, F459
- Petersen C., 1835, Annales Académie Science Française, 15, 178
- von Mering J., 1886, Centralbl Med Wiss, 531
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes
Zinman, B., Wanner, C., Lachin, J. M., Fitchett, D., Bluhmki, E., Hantel, S., Mattheus, M., Devins, T., Johansen, O. E., Woerle, H. J., et al. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1504720 · Cited by 12,315
Chait, A., & den Hartigh, L. J. (2020) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2020.00022 · Cited by 1,529
SGLT2 inhibitors and mechanisms of cardiovascular benefit: a state-of-the-art review
Verma, S., & McMurray, J. J. V. (2018) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-018-4670-7 · Cited by 999
Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Benefits of Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors
Lopaschuk, G. D., & Verma, S. (2020) · JACC Basic to Translational Science · doi:10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.02.004 · Cited by 941
Standards of medical care for type 2 diabetes in China 2019
Jia, W., Weng, J., Zhu, D., Ji, L., Lu, J., Zhou, Z., Zou, D., Guo, L., Ji, Q., Chen, L., et al. (2019) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.3158 · Cited by 710
Metadata
- Authors
- Gallo, L. A., Wright, E. M., & Vallon, V.
- Affiliations
- Translational Research Institute (AU)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Venue
- Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2015-01-23
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 78-89
- ISSN
- 1479-1641 (ISSN-L)
- 1752-8984
- PMC
- PMC5886707
- OpenAlex
- W2142065502
- Cited by
- 395
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 60 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 16
- FWCI
- 4.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL094728)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK19567, R01 DK-56248, R01DK019567, P30DK079337, R01DK056248)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes
- Keywords
- SGLT2 inhibitors, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, renal glucose reabsorption, proximal tubule, SGLT1, urinary glucose excretion, hyperglycemia, cardiovascular risk, drug safety, insulin-independent glucose lowering
- MeSH terms
- Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors, Animals, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Kidney Tubules, Proximal, Treatment Outcome, Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1, Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2, Molecular Targeted Therapy, Renal Reabsorption, Renal Elimination
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
