The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 254 of the 254 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Three Approaches to Understanding and Classifying Mental Disorder: ICD-11, DSM-5 , and the National Institute of Mental Health’s Research Domain Criteria (RDoC)
Abstract
The diagnosis of mental disorder initially appears relatively straightforward: Patients present with symptoms or visible signs of illness; health professionals make diagnoses based primarily on these symptoms and signs; and they prescribe medication, psychotherapy, or both, accordingly. However, despite a dramatic expansion of knowledge about mental disorders during the past half century, understanding of their components and processes remains rudimentary. We provide histories and descriptions of three systems with different purposes relevant to understanding and classifying mental disorder. Two major diagnostic manuals—the International Classification of Diseases and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—provide classification systems relevant to public health, clinical diagnosis, service provision, and specific research applications, the former internationally and the latter primarily for the United States. In contrast, the National Institute of Mental Health’s Research Domain Criteria provides a framework that emphasizes integration of basic behavioral and neuroscience research to deepen the understanding of mental disorder. We identify four key issues that present challenges to understanding and classifying mental disorder: etiology, including the multiple causality of mental disorder; whether the relevant phenomena are discrete categories or dimensions; thresholds, which set the boundaries between disorder and nondisorder; and comorbidity, the fact that individuals with mental illness often meet diagnostic requirements for multiple conditions. We discuss how the three systems’ approaches to these key issues correspond or diverge as a result of their different histories, purposes, and constituencies. Although the systems have varying degrees of overlap and distinguishing features, they share the goal of reducing the burden of suffering due to mental disorder.
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“the construct of psychopathology, which lacks clear divisions between levels [28]”
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“These challenges limit the utility of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders' (DSM-5, American Psychiatric Association, 2013) criteria as predictors of etiology or treatment response (Clark et al., 2017).”
From Investigating functional brain network integrity using a traditional and novel categorical scheme for neurodevelopmental disorders (2019) · cites this paper as Clark et al., 2017
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“SCT is associated with apathy, amotivation, psychomotor retardation, and withdrawal [5,10,56]”
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“SCT is linked to greater withdrawal and isolation and lower aggression and externalizing behaviors [6,10,36,38,56]”
From Advancing the study of sluggish cognitive tempo via DSM, RDoC, and hierarchical models of psychopathology (2019) · cites this paper as [56]
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“SCT is linked to greater withdrawal and isolation and lower aggression and externalizing behaviors [6,10,36,38,56]”
From Advancing the study of sluggish cognitive tempo via DSM, RDoC, and hierarchical models of psychopathology (2019) · cites this paper as [56]
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Clark, L. A., Cuthbert, B., Lewis-Fernández, R., Narrow, W. E., & Reed, G. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Notre Dame (US)
- National Institute of Mental Health (US)
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute
- University of New Mexico (US)
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Clark, Lee Anna
- Venue
- Psychological Science in the Public Interest
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2017-11
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 72-145
- ISSN
- 1539-6053 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-1006
- OpenAlex
- W2773726752
- Semantic Scholar
- 3730ce1f675bbab813255daf9b2797407241ae39
- Cited by
- 688
- References
- 249
- Citations by year
- 2026: 56 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 72 · 2023: 93 · 2022: 89 · 2021: 80 · 2020: 133 · 2019: 64 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 417.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Gothic.net (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- World Health Organization
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Keywords
- mental disorder classification, ICD-11, DSM-5, Research Domain Criteria, diagnostic classification systems, etiology of mental disorders, diagnostic thresholds, comorbidities, history of psychiatry
- MeSH terms
- Mental Disorders, Humans, National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.), United States, Comorbidity, International Classification of Diseases, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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