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d -limonene suppresses doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress and inflammation via repression of COX-2, iNOS, and NFκB in kidneys of Wistar rats
Abstract
D-limonene is a naturally occurring monoterpene and has been found to posses numerous therapeutic properties. In this study, we used D-limonene as a protective agent against the nephrotoxic effects of anticancer drug doxorubicin (Dox). Rats were given D-limonene at doses of 5% and 10% mixed with diet for 20 consecutive days. Dox was give at the dose of 20 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally. The protective effects of D-limonene on Dox-induced oxidative stress and inflammation were investigated by assaying oxidative stress biomarkers, lipid peroxidation, serum toxicity markers, proinflammatory cytokines, and expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and Nitrite levels. Administration of Dox (20 mg/kg body weight) in rats enhanced renal lipid peroxidation; depleted glutathione content and anti-oxidant enzymes; elevated levels of kidney toxicity markers viz. kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine; enhanced expression of NFκB, COX-2, and iNOS and nitric oxide. Treatment with D-limonene prevented oxidative stress by restoring the levels of antioxidant enzymes, further both doses of 5% and 10% showed significant decrease in inflammatory response. Both the doses of D-limonene significantly decreased the levels of kidney toxicity markers KIM-1, BUN, and creatinine. D-limonene also effectively decreased the Dox induced overexpression of NF-κB, COX-2, and iNOS and nitric oxide. Data from the present study indicate the protective role of D-limonene against Dox-induced renal damage.
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“In addition, limonene has been demonstrated to suppress oxidative stress and inflammation by inhibiting COX-2, iNOS, and NF-kB in doxorubicin-treated rats (Rehman et al., 2014).”
From Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Phytochemicals in Alzheimer’s Disease: Focus on Polyphenols and Monoterpenes (2022) · cites this paper as Rehman et al., 2014
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Metadata
- Authors
- Rehman, M. U., Tahir, M., Khan, A. Q., Khan, R., Oday-O-Hamiza, Lateef, A., Hassan, S. K., Rashid, S., Ali, N., Zeeshan, M., & Sultana, S.
- Affiliations
- Jamia Hamdard (IN)
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
- Venue
- Experimental Biology and Medicine
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2014-02-28
- Volume
- 239
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 465-476
- ISSN
- 0071-3384 (ISSN-L)
- 1535-3702
- 1535-3699
- OpenAlex
- W2327491744
- Cited by
- 128
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 5.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Experimental Biology and Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Chemotherapy-induced organ toxicity mitigation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity and mitigation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Chemotherapy-related skin toxicity
- Keywords
- D-limonene, doxorubicin, nephrotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, NF-κB, nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes, glutathione, KIM-1, inflammatory cytokines, renal protection, monoterpenes
- MeSH terms
- Limonene, Animals, Antioxidants, Doxorubicin, Glutathione, Kidney, Nitrites, Terpenes, Lipid Peroxidation, Biomarkers, Cytokines, NF-kappa B, Rats, Wistar, Oxidative Stress, Protective Agents, Rats, Cyclooxygenase 2, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II, Cyclohexenes
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