Full-Band EEG (FbEEG): A New Standard for Clinical Electroencephalography

Vanhatalo, Sampsa; Voipio, Juha; Kaila, Kai

doi:10.1177/155005940503600411

Cited by 47EEG and Brain-Computer InterfacesNeural dynamics and brain functionNeuroscience and Neural Engineering

Full-Band EEG (FbEEG): A New Standard for Clinical Electroencephalography

Vanhatalo, Sampsa, Voipio, Juha, Kaila, Kai·2005·Clinical EEG and Neuroscience

DOI 10.1177/155005940503600411

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Abstract

A variety of neuroimaging techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetoencephalography (MEG), have been established during the last few decades, with progressive improvements continuously taking place in the underlying technologies. In contrast to this, the recording bandwidth of the routine clinical EEG (typically around 0.5–50 Hz) that was originally set by trivial technical limitations has remained practically unaltered for over half a decade. An increasing amount of evidence shows that salient EEG signals take place and can be recorded beyond the conventional clinical EEG bandwidth. These physiological and pathological EEG activities range from 0.01 Hz to several hundred Hz, and they have been demonstrated in recordings of spontaneous activity in the preterm human brain, and during epileptic seizures, sleep, as well as in various kinds of cognitive tasks and states in the adult brain. In the present paper, we will describe the practical aspects of recording the full physiological frequency band of the EEG (Full-band EEG; FbEEG), and we review the currently available data on the clinical applications of FbEEG. Recording the FbEEG is readily attained with commercially available direct-current (DC) coupled amplifiers if the recording setup includes electrodes providing a DC-stable electrode-skin interface. FbEEG does not have trade-offs that would favor any frequency band at the expense of another. We present several arguments showing that elimination of the lower ( infraslow ) or higher ( ultrafast ) bands of the EEG frequency spectrum in routine EEG has led, and will lead, to situations where salient and physiologically meaningful features of brain activity remain undetected or become seriously attenuated and distorted. With the currently available electrode, amplifier and data acquisition technology, it is to be expected that FbEEG will become the standard approach in both clinical and basic science.

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Acquisition and analyses of electrophysiological infraslow fluctuations (<0.1 Hz) are now possible.
“acquisition and analyses of frequencies at the low end of the spectrum, commonly termed electrophysiological infraslow fluctuations (eISFs; <0.1 Hz), are now possible [63].”
From Infraslow closed-loop brain training for anxiety and depression (ISAD): a protocol for a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled pilot trial in adult females with internalizing disorders (2022) · cites this paper as [63]
Electrophysiological infraslow fluctuations are putatively engendered by a combination of neuronal and glial currents.
“Putatively engendered by a combination of neuronal and glial currents [63, 68, 71–76], eISFs have been shown in both cortical [65, 66, 77] and subcortical [76, 78–82] tissues”
From Infraslow closed-loop brain training for anxiety and depression (ISAD): a protocol for a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled pilot trial in adult females with internalizing disorders (2022) · cites this paper as [63]
The cool room and scalp abrasion are intended to mitigate contamination of the EEG signal by electrodermal potentials that are known to mimic brain-derived infraslow fluctuations.
“It should be noted that the purpose of the cool room and scalp abrasion is to mitigate contamination of the EEG signal by electrodermal (i.e. sweat gland) potentials which are known to mimic brain-derived eISFs [63, 69].”
From Infraslow closed-loop brain training for anxiety and depression (ISAD): a protocol for a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled pilot trial in adult females with internalizing disorders (2022) · cites this paper as [63]

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Authors: Vanhatalo, S., Voipio, J., & Kaila, K.
Affiliations: University of Helsinki (FI)
Corresponding author: Vanhatalo, Sampsa
ORCID: Vanhatalo, Sampsa
Voipio, Juha
Kaila, Kai
Venue: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2005-10
Volume: 36
Issue: 4
Pages: 311-317
ISSN: 1550-0594 (ISSN-L)
2169-5202
DOI: 10.1177/155005940503600411
OpenAlex: W43685845
Cited by: 47
References: 63
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 0.98
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
Keywords: skin-electrode interface, epileptic seizures, sleep EEG, cognitive tasks
MeSH terms: Action Potentials, Biological Clocks, Brain, Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory, Humans, Nervous System Diseases, Synaptic Transmission, Neurons

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