Contribution of Quantitative EEG to the Diagnosis of Early Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction can emerge during the clinical course of Parkinson’s disease (PD) even beginning in early stages, which requires extended neuropsychological tests for diagnosis. There is need for rapid, feasible, and practical tests in clinical practice to diagnose and monitor the patients without causing any discomfort. We investigated the utility of quantitative analysis of digital EEG (qEEG) for diagnosing subtle cognitive impairment in PD patients without evident cognitive deficits (ie, “normal cognition”). We enrolled 45 patients with PD and age- matched 39 healthy controls in the study. All participants had Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score greater than 25. qEEG analysis and extensive neuropsychological assessment battery were applied to all participants. Test scores for frontal executive functions, verbal memory processes, attention span, and visuospatial functions were significantly lower than healthy controls ( P < .01). qEEG analysis revealed a significant increase in delta, theta, and beta frequencies, and decrease in alpha frequency band in cerebral bioelectrical activity in patient group. In addition, power spectral ratios ([alpha + beta] / [delta + theta]) in frontal, central, temporal, parietal, and occipital regions were significantly decreased in patients compared with the controls. The slowing in EEG was moderately correlated with MMSE scores ( r = 0.411-0.593; P < .01). However, qEEG analysis and extensive neuropsychological assessment battery were only in weak correlation ( r = 0.230-0.486; P < .05). In conclusion, qEEG analysis could increase the diagnostic power in detecting subtle cognitive impairment in PD patients without evident cognitive deficit, perhaps years before the clinical onset of dementia.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Abnormalities in delta or theta band power are related to cognitive deficits in patients with PD.
“while abnormalities in delta or theta band power are related to cognitive deficits in patients with PD [29].”
From QEEG Signatures are Associated with Nonmotor Dysfunctions in Parkinson's Disease and Atypical Parkinsonism: An Integrative Analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [29]
Cites
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 · Cited by 88,282 · see citing works
The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment
Nasreddine, Z. S., Phillips, N. A., Bédirian, V., Charbonneau, S., Whitehead, V., Collin, I., Cummings, J. L., & Chertkow, H. (2005) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x · Cited by 25,553 · see citing works
Parkinsonism: onset, progression, and mortality
Hoehn, M. M., & Yahr, M. D. (1967) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.17.5.427 · Cited by 12,107 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Clinical staging of PD was made with Unified Parkinson’s Disease Parkinson’s Disease Clinical Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Hoehn-Yahr Scale.(17,18) Inclusion criteria were disease duration less than or equal to 5 years, Hoehn-Yahr staging score less than 3, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score higher than 25, and gr…”
MethodHughes, A. J., Daniel, S. E., Kilford, L., & Lees, A. J. (1992) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.55.3.181 · Cited by 10,378 · see citing works
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV)
Hu, R. J. (2003) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b0-12-226870-9/01070-4 · Cited by 9,167 · see citing works
Goetz, C. G., Tilley, B. C., Shaftman, S. R., Stebbins, G. T., Fahn, S., Martinez‐Martin, P., Poewe, W., Sampaio, C., Stern, M. B., Dodel, R., et al. (2008) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.22340 · Cited by 7,536 · see citing works
Comparison of Beck Depression Inventories -IA and -II in psychiatric outpatients
Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., Ball, R., & Ranieri, W. F. (1996) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6703_13 · Cited by 5,965 · see citing works
Clinical diagnostic criteria for dementia associated with Parkinson’s disease
Emre, M., Aarsland, D., Brown, R., Burn, D. J., Duyckaerts, C., Mizuno, Y., Broe, G. A., Cummings, J., Dickson, D. W., Gauthier, S., et al. (2007) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.21507 · Cited by 3,027 · see citing works
Portet, F. (2006) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2005.085332 · Cited by 652 · see citing works
Slowing of EEG in Parkinson's disease
Soikkeli, R., Partanen, J. V., Soininen, H. S., Pääkkönen, A. K., & Riekkinen, P. J. (1991) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(91)90134-p · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Quantitative EEG as a predictive biomarker for Parkinson disease dementia
Klassen, B. T., Hentz, J. G., Shill, H. A., Driver‐Dunckley, E. D., Evidente, V. G. H., Sabbagh, M. N., Adler, C. H., & Caviness, J. N. (2011) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e318224af8d · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Both early and late cognitive dysfunction affects the electroencephalogram in Parkinson's disease
Caviness, J. N., Hentz, J. G., Evidente, V. G. H., Driver‐Dunckley, E. D., Samanta, J., Mahant, P., Connor, D. J., Sabbagh, M. N., Shill, H. A., & Adler, C. H. (2007) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2007.01.003 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
On the Application of Quantitative EEG for Characterizing Autistic Brain: A Systematic Review
Billeci, L., Sicca, F., Maharatna, K., Apicella, F., Narzisi, A., Campatelli, G., Calderoni, S., Pioggia, G., & Muratori, F. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00442 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Event-Related Potential and EEG Measures in Parkinson’s Disease without and with Dementia
Tanaka, H., Koenig, T. W., Pascual-Marqui, R. D., Hirata, K., Kochi, K., & Lehmann, D. (2000) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000017212 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Fonseca, L. C., Tedrus, G. M. A. S., Carvas, P. N., & Machado, E. C. F. A. (2013) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2013.05.001 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Comparison of Quantitative EEGs Between Parkinson Disease and Age-Adjusted Normal Controls
Serizawa, K., Kamei, S., Morita, A., Hara, M., Mizutani, T., Yoshihashi, H., Yamaguchi, M., Takeshita, J., & Hirayanagi, K. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1097/wnp.0b013e31818f50de · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Caviness, J. N., Utianski, R. L., Hentz, J. G., Beach, T. G., Dugger, B. N., Shill, H. A., Driver‐Dunckley, E. D., Sabbagh, M. N., Mehta, S. H., & Adler, C. H. (2015) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.12878 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Quantitative EEG Analysis of Executive Dysfunction in Parkinson Disease
Kamei, S., Morita, A., Serizawa, K., Mizutani, T., & Hirayanagi, K. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1097/wnp.0b013e3181dd4fdb · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Dementia, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Quantitative EEG in Patients with Parkinson's Disease
Fonseca, L. C., Tedrus, G. M. A. S., Letro, G. H., & Bossoni, A. S. (2009) · Clinical EEG and Neuroscience · doi:10.1177/155005940904000309 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Relationship Between Slowing of the EEG and Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson Disease
Morita, A., Kamei, S., & Mizutani, T. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1097/wnp.0b013e3182273211 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
The Relationship Between Slowing EEGs and the Progression of Parkinson’s Disease
Morita, A., Kamei, S., Serizawa, K., et al. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1097/wnp.0b013e3181c2bce6 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Cortical phosphorylated α‐Synuclein levels correlate with brain wave spectra in Parkinson's disease
Caviness, J. N., Lue, L., Hentz, J. G., Schmitz, C. T., Adler, C. H., Shill, H. A., Sabbagh, M. N., Beach, T. G., & Walker, D. G. (2016) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.26621 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Quantitative Electroencephalography in Parkinson’s Disease, Dementia, Depression and Normal Aging
Primavera, A., & Novello, P. (2008) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000118817 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Quantitative EEG analysis in clinical settings
Nuwer, M. R. (1996) · Brain Topography · doi:10.1007/bf01184770 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Clinical features, pathophysiology and treatment of dementia associated with Parkinson's disease
Emre, M. (2007) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/s0072-9752(07)83018-1 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Liu, H., Huang, Z., Deng, B., Chang, Z., Yang, X., Guo, X., Yuan, F., Yang, Q., Wang, L., Zou, H., et al. (2023) · Aging and disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2022.0514 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
- Authors
- Guner, D., Tiftikcioglu, B. I., Tuncay, N., & Zorlu, Y.
- Affiliations
- Department of Neurology, Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir Tepecik Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi (TR)
- Venue
- Clinical EEG and Neuroscience
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2016-08-03
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 348-354
- ISSN
- 1550-0594 (ISSN-L)
- 2169-5202
- OpenAlex
- W2503964372
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 1.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical EEG and Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, early cognitive impairment, quantitative EEG, EEG slowing, frontal executive function, verbal memory, attention, visuospatial ability, neuropsychological assessment, dementia prediction, Mini-Mental State Examination
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Cognition, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Occipital Lobe, Parkinson Disease, Early Diagnosis, Cognitive Dysfunction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
