Cited by 241Health disparities and outcomesNeuroendocrine regulation and behaviorDeath Anxiety and Social Exclusion

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Loneliness Across Phylogeny and a Call for Comparative Studies and Animal Models

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Cacioppo, John T., Cacioppo, Stephanie, Cole, Steven W., Capitanio, John P., Goossens, Luc, Boomsma, Dorret I.·2015·Perspectives on Psychological Science

DOI 10.1177/1745691614564876PMC PMC5090712

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Abstract

Loneliness typically refers to the feelings of distress and dysphoria resulting from a discrepancy between a person’s desired and achieved levels of social relations, and there is now considerable evidence that loneliness is a risk factor for poor psychological and physical health. Loneliness has traditionally been conceptualized as a uniquely human phenomenon. However, over millions of years of evolution, efficient and manifold neural, hormonal, and molecular mechanisms have evolved for promoting companionship and mutual protection/assistance and for organizing adaptive responses when there is a significant discrepancy between the preferred and realized levels of social connection. We review evidence suggesting that loneliness is not a uniquely human phenomenon, but, instead, as a scientific construct, it represents a generally adaptive predisposition that can be found across phylogeny. Central to this argument is the premise that the brain is the key organ of social connections and processes. Comparative studies and animal models, particularly when integrated with human studies, have much to contribute to the understanding of loneliness and its underlying principles, mechanisms, consequences, and potential treatments.

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Authors: Cacioppo, J. T., Cacioppo, S., Cole, S. W., Capitanio, J. P., Goossens, L., & Boomsma, D. I.
Affiliations: University of Chicago (US)
David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
University of California, Davis (US)
KU Leuven (BE)
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
ORCID: Cacioppo, John T.
Cacioppo, Stephanie
Capitanio, John P.
Goossens, Luc
Boomsma, Dorret I.
Venue: Perspectives on Psychological Science
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2015-03
Volume: 10
Issue: 2
Pages: 202-212
ISSN: 1745-6916 (ISSN-L)
1745-6924
DOI: 10.1177/1745691614564876
PMC: PMC5090712
OpenAlex: W2105989054
Cited by: 241
References: 96
Citations by year: 2026: 20 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 17
FWCI: 24.85
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Perspectives on Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Lirias (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (P51OD011107)
National Institute on Aging (R37AG033590)
Topics: Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
Keywords: loneliness, social connectedness, social behavior, brain and social behavior
MeSH terms: Animals, Humans, Loneliness

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Loneliness Across Phylogeny and a Call for Comparative Studies and Animal Models

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