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Cited by 36Diabetes Management and ResearchDiabetes Treatment and ManagementDiabetes and associated disorders

Consensus Report on Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists as Adjunctive Treatment for Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes Using an Automated Insulin Delivery System

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Shah, Viral N., Peters, Anne L., Umpierrez, Guillermo E., Sherr, Jennifer L., Akturk, Halis Kaan, Aleppo, Grazia, Bally, Lia, Cengiz, Eda +15 more·2025·Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
DOI 10.1177/19322968241291512PMC PMC11571606
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Abstract

With increasing prevalence of obesity and cardiovascular diseases, there is a growing interest in the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) as an adjunct therapy in type 1 diabetes (T1D). The GLP-1RAs are currently not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of T1D in the absence of randomized controlled trials documenting efficacy and safety of these agents in this population. The Diabetes Technology Society convened a series of three consensus meetings of clinicians and researchers with expertise in diabetes technology, GLP-1RA therapy, and T1D management. The project was aimed at synthesizing current literature and providing conclusions on the use of GLP-1RA therapy as an adjunct to automated insulin delivery (AID) systems in adults with T1D. The expert panel members met virtually three times on January 17, 2024, and April 24, 2024, and August 14, 2024, to discuss topics ranging from physiology and outcomes of GLP-1RAs in T1D to limitations of current sensors, algorithms, and insulin for AID systems. The panelists also identified research gaps and future directions for research. The panelists voted to in favor of 31 recommendations. This report presents the consensus opinions of the participants that, in adults with T1D using AID systems, GLP-1RAs have the potential to (1) provide effective adjunct therapy and (2) improve glycemic and metabolic outcomes without increasing the risk of severe hypoglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis.

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  • Real-world data also aligned with clinical trial outcomes showing HbA1c reductions of 0.3-0.7% across diverse age groups.

    “Realworld data also aligned with clinical trial outcomes showing HbA₁ c reductions of 0•3-0•7% across diverse age groups.95,101,102”

    From The future of type 1 diabetes therapy (2025) · cites this paper as [95]

    Section 6 (page unavailable) reports a 0.6% HbA1c decrease in a retrospective semaglutide study, supporting part of the real-world claim. The report does not establish that real-world and trial reductions aligned at 0.3–0.7% across diverse age groups; its discussion of AID trials in Section 4 instead gives a typical reduction of 0.2–0.5% versus open-loop pumps. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • GLP-1 receptor agonists reduce bodyweight and insulin dose, with modest improvements in glycaemic control.

    “GLP1 receptor agonists reduce bodyweight and insulin dose, with modest improvements in glycaemic control.[93][94][95][96]”

    From The future of type 1 diabetes therapy (2025) · cites this paper as [95]

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Authors
Shah, V. N., Peters, A. L., Umpierrez, G. E., Sherr, J. L., Akturk, H. K., Aleppo, G., Bally, L., Cengiz, E., Cinar, A., Dungan, K., Fabris, C., Jacobs, P. G., Lal, R. A., Mader, J. K., Masharani, U., Prahalad, P., Schmidt, S., Zijlstra, E., Ho, C. N., Ayers, A. T., Tian, T., Aaron, R. E., & Klonoff, D. C.
Affiliations
  • Indiana University School of Medicine (US)
  • University of Southern California (US)
  • Emory University (US)
  • Yale University (US)
  • Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
  • Northwestern University (US)
  • University of Bern (CH)
  • University of California, San Francisco (US)
  • Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
  • The Ohio State University (US)
  • University of Virginia (US)
  • Oregon Health & Science University (US)
  • Stanford Medicine (US)
  • Medical University of Graz (AT)
  • Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (DK)
  • Profil Institute for Metabolic Research (DE)
  • Diabetes Technology Society (US)
  • San Mateo Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author
Klonoff, David C.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2024-11-08
Volume
19
Issue
1
Pages
191-216
ISSN
1932-2968 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1177/19322968241291512
PMC
PMC11571606
OpenAlex
W4404197213
Cited by
36
References
113
Citations by year
2026: 15 · 2025: 21
FWCI
11.74
Type
journal article
Language
en
Update notices
correction (2024-11-30)
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Eli Lilly and Company
  • AstraZeneca
  • Sanofi
  • Insulet Corporation
  • MannKind Corporation
  • Dexcom
  • Tandem Diabetes Care
  • Novo Nordisk
  • Servier
  • Roche Diabetes Care
  • National Institutes of Health
  • Abbott Diabetes Care
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK111022)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
Keywords
GLP-1 receptor agonists, type 1 diabetes, artificial pancreas, adjunctive therapy, glycemic control, hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, continuous glucose monitoring, insulin pump, diabetes technology
MeSH terms
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Insulin Infusion Systems

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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