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Impact of a Low Glycemic Index Diet in Pregnancy on Markers of Maternal and Fetal Metabolism and Inflammation
Open accessAbstract
This is a secondary analysis of 621 women in ROLO study, a randomized control trial of low glycemic index (GI) diet in pregnancy to prevent the recurrence of macrosomia, which aims to assess the effect of the diet on maternal and fetal insulin resistance, leptin, and markers of inflammation. In early pregnancy and at 28 weeks, serum was analyzed for insulin, leptin, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). At delivery, cord blood concentrations of leptin, TNF-α, IL-6, and C-peptide were recorded. We found no difference between those who did or did not receive low GI advice with respect to the concentrations of any marker in early pregnancy, at 28 weeks or in cord blood. Women in the intervention arm of the study did have a lower overall rise in insulin concentrations from early pregnancy to 28 weeks gestation, P = .04. Of the women in the intervention arm, 20% were in the highest quartile for insulin change (28-week insulin - insulin at booking) compared to 29% of controls (P = .02). In conclusion, a low GI diet in pregnancy has little effect on leptin and markers of inflammation although an attenuated response to the typical increase in insulin resistance seen in pregnancy with advancing gestation was seen in those who received the low GI advice.
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In further analysis of 621 ROLO participants, mothers on an LGI diet had lower circulating insulin from 0 to 28 weeks' gestation, but foetal and maternal adipokines and inflammatory markers remained unchanged.
“Further analysis of 621 participants in the ROLO group found that mothers on an LGI diet had lower circulating insulin from 0 to 28 weeks’ gestation, but foetal and maternal adipokines and inflammatory markers remained unchanged [87].”
From Medical Nutrition Therapy for Women with Gestational Diabetes: Current Practice and Future Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [87]
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Walsh, J. M., McGowan, C. A., Mahony, R., Foley, M. E., & McAuliffe, F. M. (2012) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.e5605 · Cited by 341
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Impact of maternal nutrition on pregnancy outcome–does it matter what pregnant women eat?
Walsh, J. M., & McAuliffe, F. M. (2015) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2014.08.003 · Cited by 33
Self-citationMaternal Nutrition, Toxicants, and Epigenetic Programming of Obesity Across Generations
Alum, E., Aloh, H., Obasi, D., Okoroh, P., Aniokete, U., & Emeruwa, A. (2025) · Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s579409 · Cited by 14
Cheong, L., Law, L. S.-C., Tan, L. Y. L., Amal, A. A.-A., Khoo, C. M., & Eng, P. C. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17071210 · Cited by 14
Metadata
- Authors
- Walsh, J. M., Mahony, R. M., Culliton, M., Foley, M. E., & McAuliffe, F. M.
- Affiliations
- University College Dublin (IE)
- Corresponding author
- McAuliffe, Fionnuala M.
- Venue
- Reproductive Sciences
- Published
- 2014-11
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1378-1381
- ISSN
- 1933-7191 (ISSN-L)
- 1933-7205
- PMC
- PMC4212330
- OpenAlex
- W2162811152
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 4.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Reproductive Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Health Research Board
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Keywords
- low glycemic index diet, pregnancy, insulin resistance, leptin, inflammation, TNF-α, interleukin-6, C-peptide, maternal metabolism, fetal metabolism, umbilical cord blood, insulin
- MeSH terms
- C-Peptide, Female, Fetal Blood, Fetal Macrosomia, Gestational Age, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Nutritional Status, Pregnancy, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Biomarkers, Interleukin-6, Inflammation Mediators, Leptin, Glycemic Index, Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted
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