Cited by 113Psychological Well-being and Life SatisfactionHealth disparities and outcomesEmployment and Welfare Studies

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Higher Income Is Associated With Less Daily Sadness but not More Daily Happiness

Kushlev, Kostadin, Dunn, Elizabeth W., Lucas, Richard E.·2015·Social Psychological and Personality Science

DOI 10.1177/1948550614568161

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Abstract

Although extensive previous research has explored the relationship between income and happiness, no large-scale research has ever examined the relationship between income and sadness. Yet, happiness and sadness are distinct emotional states, rather than diametric opposites, and past research points to the possibility that wealth may have a greater impact on sadness than happiness. Using data from a diverse cross section of the U.S. population ( N = 12,291), we show that higher income is associated with experiencing less daily sadness, but has no bearing on daily happiness. This pattern of findings could not be explained by relevant demographics, stress, and people’s daily time use. Although causality cannot be inferred from this correlational data set, the present findings point to the possibility that money may be a more effective tool for reducing sadness than enhancing happiness.

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Kozma, R. (2023) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394173495.ch12

Authors: Kushlev, K., Dunn, E. W., & Lucas, R. E.
Affiliations: University of British Columbia (CA)
Michigan State University (US)
Corresponding author: Kushlev, Kostadin
ORCID: Kushlev, Kostadin
Dunn, Elizabeth W.
Lucas, Richard E.
Venue: Social Psychological and Personality Science
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2015-01-09
Volume: 6
Issue: 5
Pages: 483-489
ISSN: 1948-5506 (ISSN-L)
1948-5514
DOI: 10.1177/1948550614568161
OpenAlex: W2319126308
Cited by: 113
References: 46
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 4
FWCI: 15.84
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Social Psychological and Personality Science (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Employment and Welfare Studies
Keywords: income, happiness, sadness, daily emotions, wealth and well-being, positive and negative affect, time use, stress, causal inference

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Higher Income Is Associated With Less Daily Sadness but not More Daily Happiness

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