Incremental value of serum neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein as blood-based biomarkers for predicting functional outcome in severe acute ischemic stroke
Open accessAbstract
Introduction: Blood-based biomarkers may improve prediction of functional outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke. The role of neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic (GFAP) as potential biomarkers especially in severe stroke patients is unknown. Patients and Methods: Prospective, monocenter, cohort study including consecutive patients with severe ischemic stroke in the anterior circulation on admission (NIHSS score ⩾ 6 points or indication for mechanical thrombectomy). Outcome was assessed 3 months after the index stroke by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Serum biomarkers levels of NfL and GFAP were determined by ultrasensitive ELISA. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were performed to determine the association of biomarker levels and functional disability. Discrimination, calibration, and overall performance were analyzed in different models via AUROC, calibration plots (with Emax and Eavg), Brier-score and R2 using variables, identified as important covariates for functional outcome in previous studies. Results: Between 06/2020 and 08/2021, 213 patients were included [47% female, mean age 76 (SD ± 12) years, median NIHSS score 13 (interquartile range, IQR 9; 17)]. Biomarker serum levels were measured at a median of 1 [IQR, 1; 2] day after admission. Compared to patients with mRS 0–2 at 3 months, patients with mRS 3–6 had higher serum levels of NfL (median: 136 pg/ml vs 41 pg/ml; p < 0.0001) and GFAP (700 ng/ml vs 9.6 ng/ml; p < 0.0001). Both biomarkers were significantly associated with functional outcome [adjusted logistic regression, odds ratio (95% CI) for NfL: 2.63 (1.62; 4.56), GFAP: 2.16 (1.58; 3.09)]. In all models the addition of serum NfL led to a significant improvement in the AUROC, as did the addition of serum GFAP. Calibration plots showed high agreement between the predicted and observed outcomes and after addition of the two blood-based biomarkers there was an improvement of the overall performance. Conclusion: Prediction of functional outcome after severe acute ischemic stroke was improved by the blood-based biomarkers serum NfL and GFAP, measured in the acute phase of stroke. These findings have to be replicated in independent external cohorts. Study registration: DRKS00022064
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Plasma GFAP and NfL are not anticipated to serve as FTD-specific diagnostic markers.
“Given that plasma GFAP and NfL are elevated not only in FTD but also in other neurological diseases such as Alzheimer disease [7], stroke [50, 51], and TBI [6], these biomarkers are not anticipated to serve as FTD-specific diagnostic markers.”
From Comprehensive cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons of plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurofilament light across FTD spectrum disorders (2025) · cites this paper as [51]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
DeLong, E. R., DeLong, D. M., & Clarke-Pearson, D. L. (1988) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2531595 · Cited by 22,649 · see citing works
Adams, H. P., Bendixen, B. H., Kappelle, L. J., Biller, J., Love, B. B., Gordon, D., & Marsh, E. E. (1993) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.24.1.35 · Cited by 12,350 · see citing works
Assessing the Performance of Prediction Models: A Framework for Traditional and Novel Measures
Steyerberg, E. W., Vickers, A. J., Cook, N. R., Gerds, T., Gonen, M., Obuchowski, N., Pencina, M. J., & Kattan, M. W. (2010) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e3181c30fb2 · Cited by 5,170 · see citing works
Isolated Hand Paresis: A Case Series
Alstadhaug, K. B., & Sjulstad, A. S. (2013) · Cerebrovascular Diseases Extra · doi:10.1159/000350708 · Cited by 4,090 · see citing works
Emberson, J., Lees, K. R., Lyden, P., Blackwell, L., Albers, G., Bluhmki, E., Brott, T., Cohen, G., Davis, S., Donnan, G., et al. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60584-5 · Cited by 2,737 · see citing works
Barber, P. A., Demchuk, A. M., Zhang, J., & Buchan, A. M. (2000) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02237-6 · Cited by 2,673 · see citing works
Variable selection – A review and recommendations for the practicing statistician
Heinze, G., Wallisch, C., & Dunkler, D. (2018) · Biometrical Journal · doi:10.1002/bimj.201700067 · Cited by 1,673 · see citing works
Prognosis Research Strategy (PROGRESS) 3: Prognostic Model Research
Steyerberg, E. W., Moons, K. G. M., van der Windt, D. A., Hayden, J. A., Perel, P., Schroter, S., Riley, R. D., Hemingway, H., Altman, D. G., & for the PROGRESS Group (2013) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001381 · Cited by 1,508 · see citing works
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein: GFAP-Thirty-One Years (1969–2000)
Eng, L. F., Ghirnikar, R. S., & Lee, Y. L. (2000) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1023/a:1007677003387 · Cited by 1,368 · see citing works
Campbell, B. C. V., & Khatri, P. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31179-x · Cited by 1,147 · see citing works
Blood GFAP as an emerging biomarker in brain and spinal cord disorders
Abdelhak, A., Foschi, M., Abu-Rumeileh, S., Yue, J. K., D’Anna, L., Huss, A., Oeckl, P., Ludolph, A. C., Kuhle, J., Petzold, A., et al. (2022) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-021-00616-3 · Cited by 807 · see citing works
Self-citationMiteff, F., Levi, C. R., Bateman, G. A., Spratt, N. J., McElduff, P., & Parsons, M. W. (2009) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awp155 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
Release of Glial Tissue–Specific Proteins After Acute Stroke
Herrmann, M., Vos, P. E., Wunderlich, M. T., Bruijn, C. D., & Lamers, K. J. B. (2000) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.31.11.2670 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Tiedt, S., Duering, M., Barro, C., Kaya, A. G., Boeck, J., Bode, F. J., Klein, M., Dorn, F., Gesierich, B. G., Kellert, L., et al. (2018) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000006282 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Brugnara, G., Neuberger, U., Mahmutoglu, M. A., Foltyn‐Dumitru, M., Herweh, C., Nagel, S., Schönenberger, S., Heiland, S., Ulfert, C., Ringleb, P. A., et al. (2020) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.120.030287 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Role of Blood-Based Biomarkers in Ischemic Stroke Prognosis
Montellano, F. A., Ungethüm, K., Ramiro, L., Nacu, A., Hellwig, S., Fluri, F., Whiteley, W. N., Bustamante, A., Montaner, J., & Heuschmann, P. U. (2021) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.120.029232 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Self-citationUphaus, T., Bittner, S., Gröschel, S., Steffen, F., Muthuraman, M., Wasser, K., Weber-Krüger, M., Zipp, F., Wachter, R., & Gröschel, K. (2019) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.119.026410 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Serum neurofilament light chain in patients with acute cerebrovascular events
Marchis, G. M. D., Mira, K., Barro, C., Fladt, J. C., Traenka, C., Seiffge, D. J., Hert, L., Gensicke, H., Disanto, G., Sutter, R., et al. (2017) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.13554 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Wunderlich, M., Wallesch, C. W., & Goertler, M. (2006) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01435.x · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Plasma neurofilament light predicts mortality in patients with stroke
Gendron, T. F., Badi, M. K., Heckman, M. G., Jansen-West, K. R., Vilanilam, G. K., Johnson, P. W., Burch, A. R., Walton, R. L., Ross, O. A., Brott, T. G., et al. (2020) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aay1913 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Association of Plasma Neurofilament Light With Small Vessel Disease Burden in Nondemented Elderly
Qu, Y., Tan, C., Shen, X., Li, H., Cui, M., Tan, L., Dong, Q., Yu, J., & Initiative, O. B. O. T. A. D. N. (2021) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.120.030302 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Ferrari, F., Rossi, D., Ricciardi, A., Morasso, C., Brambilla, L., Albasini, S., Vanna, R., Fassio, C., Begenisic, T., Loi, M., et al. (2023) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x231172520 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Olivé‐Gadea, M., Martins, N., Boned, S., Alba, J. A. C., Moreno, M. J., Muchada, M., Molina, C. A., Tomasello, A., Ribó, M., & Rubiera, M. (2018) · Journal of Neuroimaging · doi:10.1111/jon.12564 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Prediction of Outcome After Endovascular Embolectomy in Anterior Circulation Stroke Using Biomarkers
Pujol-Calderón, F., Zetterberg, H., Portelius, E., Hendèn, P. L., Rentzos, A., Karlsson, J.-E., Höglund, K., Blennow, K., & Rosengren, L. (2021) · Translational Stroke Research · doi:10.1007/s12975-021-00905-5 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Early plasma biomarker dynamic profiles are associated with acute ischemic stroke outcomes
Correia, M. A., da Silva, I. C. B., Gabriel, D., Simrén, J., Carneiro, Â., Ribeiro, S., Dória, H. M., Varela, R., Aires, A., Minta, K., et al. (2022) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.15273 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Serum Level as a Predictor of Clinical Outcome in Ischemic Stroke
Puspitasari, V., Gunawan, P. Y., Wiradarma, H. D., & Hartoyo, V. (2019) · Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.3889/oamjms.2019.326 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Traub, J., Otto, M., Sell, R., Göpfert, D., Homola, G. A., Steinacker, P., Oeckl, P., Morbach, C., Frantz, S., Pham, M., et al. (2022) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-022-01087-4 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationChen, C., Chu, H., Hwang, Y., Lin, Y., Lee, C., Tang, S., & Jeng, J. (2021) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-021-02254-4 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Halbgebauer, R., Halbgebauer, S., Oeckl, P., Steinacker, P., Weihe, E., Schäfer, M., Roselli, F., Gebhard, F. T., Huber-Lang, M. S., & Otto, M. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23179639 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationBrugnara, G., Herweh, C., Neuberger, U., Hansen, M. B., Ulfert, C., Mahmutoglu, M. A., Foltyn‐Dumitru, M., Nagel, S., Schönenberger, S., Heiland, S., et al. (2021) · Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery · doi:10.1136/neurintsurg-2020-017163 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Wu, J., Wu, D., Liang, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhuang, L., & Wang, Z. (2022) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000029692 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Progression of cerebral infarction before and after thrombectomy is modified by prehospital pathways
Kollikowski, A. M., Cattus, F., Haag, J., Feick, J., März, A. G., Weidner, F., Schuhmann, M. K., Müllges, W., Stoll, G., Pham, M., et al. (2021) · Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery · doi:10.1136/neurintsurg-2020-017155 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationRattanawong, W., Ongphichetmetha, T., Hemachudha, T., & Thanapornsangsuth, P. (2023) · Journal of Central Nervous System Disease · doi:10.1177/11795735221147212 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [2]Campbell BCV Khatri P. Stroke Lancet 2020; 396: 129– 142. 32653056
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sheth, U., Öijerstedt, L., Heckman, M. G., White, L. J., Heuer, H. W., Lario Lago, A., Forsberg, L. K., Faber, K. M., Foroud, T. M., Rademakers, R., et al. (2025) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-025-00821-4 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“…[8–16, 43– 47 ], we show that both baseline plasma Given that plasma GFAP and NfL are elevated not only in FTD but also in other neurological diseases such as Alzheimer disease [7], stroke [50, 51], and TBI [6], these biomarkers are not anticipated to serve as FTD-specific diagnostic markers.”
Implementing Blood Biomarkers in Stroke Research and Clinical Practice
Barba, L., D’Anna, L., Abu‐Rumeileh, S., Foschi, M., Montellano, F. A., Neugebauer, H., & Otto, M. (2025) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.125.051498 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationBarba, L., Vollmuth, C., Halbgebauer, S., Ungethüm, K., Hametner, C., Essig, F., Kollikowski, A. M., Pham, M., Schuhmann, M. K., Heuschmann, P. U., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.16581 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationMolecular Mechanisms of the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis in the Onset and Progression of Stroke
Caballero‐Villarraso, J., Pons-Villarta, S., Cruces-Párraga, J., Navarrete-Pérez, A., Camargo, A., Moreno, J. A., Túnez, I., & Agüera, E. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms262010071 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Recent advances in stroke biomarkers – implications for prognosis and treatment
Seetge, J., Frenger, J., Mira, K., & Große, G. M. (2025) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/wco.0000000000001450 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Cognitive resilience in ageing: determinants and interventions
Powell, A., Chan, K., Shepherd, C. E., & Brodaty, H. (2026) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(26)00027-x · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Gao, Y., Chen, Q., Tao, R., Han, W., Zhu, Z., & Gu, L. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1702245 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Lieschke, F., Marggrander, D. T., Rauch, M., Schäefer, J. H., Bohmann, F. O., Foerch, C., Grefkes, C., & Kohlhase, K. D. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-28115-1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Thaele, A., Barba, L., Abu‐Rumeileh, S., Aschauer, J., Steinacker, P., Jung, M., & Otto, M. (2026) · Seizure · doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2026.04.026 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationBarba, L., Romoli, M., Benkert, P., Hofer, L., Maia, L. F., Dias, A., Magalhães, R., Vaz, C. G., Emmerich, J., Barlinn, K., et al. (2026) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-026-13849-3 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationEvliyaoğlu, O., Findeisen, P., Rausch, H.-W., Schirmer, L., Fischer, A., Neumaier, M., & Gerhards, C. (2026) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/hvag053 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Barba, L., Vollmuth, C., Oeckl, P., Halbgebauer, S., Hametner, C., Essig, F., Heuschmann, P. U., Kollikowski, A. M., Pham, M., Schuhmann, M. K., et al. (2026) · Translational Stroke Research · doi:10.1007/s12975-026-01458-1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationJansen, R., Wagenhäuser, M. U., Kölsche, T., Papasimos, C., Benkert, P., Kühle, J., Pawlitzki, M., Masanneck, L., Schreiber, S., Caspers, J., et al. (2026) · JVS Vascular Science · doi:10.1016/j.jvssci.2026.100408 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Feng, R., Wang, Y., Chen, Y., Li, T., Zhou, H., Zhan, Z., He, Y., Tang, X., Su, J., Guo, Y., et al. (2026) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-026-06430-4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Vollmuth, C., Montellano, F. A., Fießler, C., Essig, F., Hametner, C., Kollikowski, A. M., Vogt, V., Pham, M., Heuschmann, P. U., Hæusler, K. G., et al. (2025) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101041 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationJiang, D., Yue, A., Nan, H., Hou, J., Chu, M., Wang, Y., & Wu, L. (2025) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.1177/13872877251362496 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Seric Molecular Markers Correlated with Stroke Rehabilitation Outcomes: A Narrative Review
Ene, B.-G., Mitoiu, B. I., Ciornei, M. C., Coman-Stanemir, M., VOICU, A., Iliuță, F. P., & Papacocea, I. R. (2026) · Life · doi:10.3390/life16010183 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Dong, W. A. N. G., Wang, G.-R., Ge, W., Li, Y., LIANG, Q.-H., Bo-han, L. I. U., & Zhang, R.-C. (2026) · 世界针灸杂志：英文版 · doi:10.1016/j.wjam.2026.03.009 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
From Bench to Bedside: Neurofilament Light Chain as a Biomarker in Ischemic Stroke
Mathias, K., Tiscoski, A. D. B., Vuolo, F. S., Cechinel, M. A., Andrade, N. M., & Petronilho, F. C. (2026) · Current Medical Science · doi:10.1007/s11596-026-00200-0 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Shu, Y., Qin, Y., & Fang, Q. (2026) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom16070937 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Supasitthumrong, T., Almulla, A. F., Tunvirachaisakul, C., Michelin, A. P., Matsumoto, A. K., Barbosa, D. S., Dzambazova, E., Zhang, Y., & Maes, M. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.08.11.25333470
Raven, R. M., Williams, J., Whelan, C., White, J., Morris, K. W., Geen, J., & James, P. E. (2026) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x261417191
Prognosis of Acute Ischemic Stroke Based on Peripheral Blood
Liu, S., Luo, Y., & Zhou, J. (2026) · Medicine and Health Sciences · doi:10.11648/j.mhs.20260202.11
Lehrieder, D., Neugebauer, H., Kollikowski, A. M., Oeckl, P., Montellano, F. A., Barba, L., Heuschmann, P., Stoll, G., Otto, M., Pham, M., et al. (2026) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.71333
Self-citationYang, Z., Hou, C., & Wang, B. (2026) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2026.1793227
Zhong-yu, C., Qu, Y., Hao, Z.-Y., Abuduxukuer, R., Zhang, P., Jin, H., Xu, B., Wang, L., Gao, J., Pan, D.-W., et al. (2026) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x261462716
Laksmidewi, A. A. A. P., & Patricia (2026) · Surgical Neurology International · doi:10.25259/sni_645_2026
Li, H., Meng, X., Li, Z., Wang, L., 张春丽, Li, Q., Amit, D., Bao, G., Wang, M., Xu, F., et al. (2026) · Neurological Research · doi:10.1080/01616412.2026.2697011
Blood biomarkers of brain damage in Transient Ischemic Attack: the role of plasma NfL and GFAP
Berinato, F., Morotti, A., Baronchelli, G., Tolassi, C., Girotto, I., Pilotto, A., & Padovani, A. (2026) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-026-14097-1
Song, H., Li, J., Xu, H., Pattanimuthu, A., Muthusamy, P., Liu, J., Du, J., 杜漪, & Sun, C. (2026) · Microvascular Research · doi:10.1016/j.mvr.2026.105017
Brassard, C., Paul, J. F., Ziegler, D., Chagnon, M., Bereznyakova, O., Keezer, M. R., & Gioia, L. C. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.09.11.26362885
Wu, X., Xing, Y., Ma, J., Wang, X., & Xiong, X. (2026) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom16091346
Zhou, M., Dong, B., Zhou, H., Aihui, F., Sun, Z., & Zhao, L. (2026) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2026.108751
Marin, M. C., Țocu, G., Țocu, L., Stavăr-Matei, L., Grigore, I., Ștefănescu, B. I., & Berbece, S. I. (2026) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics16183053
Chen, G., Zhu, Y., Chen, F., Zhang, C., Jin, H., Wu, W., Chen, L., Lin, L., Chen, Y., Lin, A., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2026.1932102
Li, J., Qiu, Z., Zheng, X., Xia, R., Qian, H., Li, W., Wu, Y., Pan, B., Wang, X., Huang, Z., et al. (2026) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2026.122883
Gao, Z., Li, J., & Jiang, D. (2026) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2026.122885
He, T. T., Wang, B., Wang, J., & Li, M. (2026) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2026.1895703
- Authors
- Vollmuth, C., Fiessler, C., Montellano, F. A., Kollikowski, A. M., Essig, F., Oeckl, P., Barba, L., Steinacker, P., Schulz, C., Ungethüm, K., Wolf, J., Pham, M., Schuhmann, M. K., Heuschmann, P. U., Haeusler, K. G., Stoll, G., Otto, M., & Neugebauer, H.
- Affiliations
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg (DE)
- University of Würzburg (DE)
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DE)
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (DE)
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Neurology, Würzburg, Germany 1
- Corresponding author
- Vollmuth, Christoph
- ORCID
- Venue
- European Stroke Journal
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2024-09-01
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 751-762
- ISSN
- 2396-9873 (ISSN-L)
- 2396-9881
- PMC
- PMC11418447
- OpenAlex
- W4392136668
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 1
- FWCI
- 11.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- European Stroke Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Online Publication Service of Würzburg University (Würzburg University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DZNE Pub (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Christoph Vollmuth (Project No. 413657723)
- Markus Otto (MOODMARKER, SFB1279, D.3830 and D.5009)
- Alexander M. Kollikowski (Project No. 413657723)
- Fabian Essig (Project No. 413657723)
- Felipe A. Montellano (Project No. 413657723)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Research
- Keywords
- neurofilament light chain, glial fibrillary acidic protein, blood-based biomarkers, acute ischemic stroke, severe stroke, functional outcome prediction, modified Rankin Scale, mechanical thrombectomy, anterior circulation stroke, prognostic factors, neurodegeneration biomarkers, elderly patients, ischemic penumbra, neuroinflammation
- MeSH terms
- Ischemic Stroke, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Biomarkers, Neurofilament Proteins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
